Active and Passive Transport

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Active and Passive Transport

• Chapter 5

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1. Passive Transport

• Movement of materials in and out of the cell
• Requires no energy to happen

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Two Types of Passive Transport

1. Diffusion When substance moves that is
   dissolved in water
2. Osmosis When water moves across the membrane

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Solutions are made of 2 parts

• Solute Substance that is dissolved in water
• Solvent Liquid it is dissolved in (usually
  water)

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• Next answer some questions about the pictures on
  your paper

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Vocab

• Hypertonic More solutes than the other solution
• Hypotonic Less solutes than the other solution
• Isotonic Equal solutes as another solution
• Now go back to the pictures above and label the
  cell and the environment around it as one of the
  vocab words

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Vocab Word Description Picture with inside of cell as vocab Picture with env outside as vocab
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
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(a)
(b)
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Describing a solution

• Hypotonic when a solution is less concentrated
  than another solution
• Example if around a cell is hypotonic, then
  water will move into the cell.
• Can cause a cell to get so large it may burst
  (cytolysis)

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• Hypertonic When a solution is more concentrated
  than another solution
• If around a cell is hypertonic, water will move
  out of the cell
• Can cause the cell to get very small (in plants
  will see plasmolysis wilting)

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• Isotonic when two solutions have the same
  concentration (are at equilibrium)
• Causes water to move in and out equally
• The cell maintains its shape

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• Osmosis
• Water moves trying to balance out concentrations
• Goes from where there is more water to less water

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What if..

• Environment around a cell is hypotonic. What
  direction will the water move?
• Salt?

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What if..

• The environment around a cell is hypertonic.
• What direction will the water move?
• Salt?

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2. Active Transport

• Requires energy
• Goes against the concentration gradient (from
  lower concentration to higher concentration)

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Figure 7.16 The sodium-potassium pump a specific
case of active transport
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• Sodium Potassium Pump
• Cells usually have more sodium ions outside and
  more potassium ions inside
• Pump increases number of ions where concentration
  is already high

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• When substances are too large to pass through the
  cell membrane, use endocytosis or exocytosis
• Membrane folds around substances and release into
  cell or out of cell

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Figure 7.20 Exploring Endocytosis in Animal Cells
(Bulk Transport)
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• Endocytosis
• Material moved into cell
• Forms vesicle
• Pinocytosis Liquids
• Phagocytosis Solids

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• Exocytosis
• Material released to outside of cell