Chapter 18 : Becoming a World Power

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Chapter 18 Becoming a World Power
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The Pressure to Expand

• Growth of Imperialism
• Imperialism Stronger nations attempt to create
  empires by dominating weaker nations
  economically, politically, culturally, and
  militarily.
• Several factors accounted for the burst of
  imperialistic activity in the late 1800s and
  early 1900s.

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Reasons for Imperialism

• 1. Economic Factors need for natural resources
  need for new markets
• 2. Nationalist Factors pride in ones country
  competition between countries
• 3. Military Factors superiority of armed
  forces need for bases and fuel
• 4. Humanitarian Factors spreading of culture
  (religion, medicine, politics)

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Europe leads the way

• The sun never sets on the British Empire!
• This was a popular slogan that demonstrated the
  power and land control that the British had world
  wide!
• In other words, the British owned or controlled
  land on just about every continent.

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The U.S. and Imperialism

• In 1796, President George Washington advised
  Americans to avoid active involvement in
  international affairs.
• Make no permanent alliances!
• His advice was generally followed over the next
  century.
• By 1890, however, the U.S. was eager to join the
  competition for new overseas territories.

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Causes of the Spanish American War

• American desire to expand
• Revolution in Cuba
• General Weyler
• Concentration Camps
• The De Lome Letter
• Accused McKinley of being weak
• The sinking of the USS Maine
• 250 killed
• Yellow Journalism
• Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
• Jingoism

Artists Rendering of the Sinking of the
MaineSource Chicago Historical Society
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Sinking of the USS Maine

• One of the topics used by the yellow journalists
  was the loss of the Navy Baseball team on the
  Maine.

• All lost at Havana except J.H. Bloomer

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Course of the War

• Philippines
• May 1, 1898 1st war action.
• Gen. George Dewey demolished the Spanish fleet
  in Manila Bay.
• Cuba and Puerto Rico
• Rough Riders
• Battle of San Juan Hill
• Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders --gt
• Big victory at San Juan Hill

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Treaty of Paris 1898

• Ended the Spanish American War.
• Sec. of State John Hay, a splendid little war.
• Spain recognizes Cuban independence.
• Platt Amendment
• Stated that the U.S. was allowed to limit foreign
  intervention and to set up naval bases in Cuba
  (Guantanamo Bay)
• U.S. gets Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam for
  20 million.

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Other effects of the war

• No more European powers in the Western
  Hemisphere.
• Monroe Doctrine
• U.S. becomes a world power.
• Effects on Soldiers
• 385 Killed in Action
• Over 3,000 killed by diseases
• malaria, yellow fever, bad meat

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The U.S. and Imperialism

• The economy was expanding and many leaders felt
  the U.S. needed to find new markets.
• The U.S. began to build a modern navy
• By 1900, the U.S. had one of the most powerful
  navies in the world.
• A new period of American Foreign Policy had begun.

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U.S. Foreign Policy 1890-1914

• Isolationism
• Strict non-involvement in the affairs of other
  nations.
• Collective Security
• Working with other countries to influence world
  affairs
• Internationalism
• Intervening in other countries affairs to
  promote important national interests and /or to
  safeguard national interests
• Imperialism
• Extending power by acquiring territory around the
  globe or exploiting weaker nations to serve
  national interests

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U.S. Overseas Expansion

• Causes
• Western frontier closes
• Businesses seek raw materials in new markets
• European nations compete for resources and
  markets

• Effects
• U.S. develops a strong navy
• Open Door Policy protects trade w/China
• After Spanish American War U.S. gains lands in
  the Caribbean and Pacific
• Panama Canal Built
• U.S. sends troops in Latin America to protect
  interests

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Chinas Open Door

• European spheres of influence.
• Chinese resistance.
• Opium Wars China and GB.
• US fears exclusion, declares open door.
• Boxer Rebellion quickly put down.
• Puppet Govt to the West.

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American Expansion

• Sewards Folly
• Secretary of State William Seward
• U.S. purchased Alaska for 7.2 million from
  Russia in 1867
• Also in 1867, the U.S. acquired the Midway
  Islands (midway b/w U.S. and Asia)

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Annexation of Hawaii

• Queen Liliuokalani Sanford Dole
• She was the last Queen.
• Dole sabotaged his own pineapple plantation and
  blamed the Hawaiians, so the US would come.
• Marines for backup and Hawaiian surrender.
• Hawaii declared a republic, Dole declared himself
  first President and requested US
  annexationMcKinley said yes.

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Roosevelt Becomes President

• Under Roosevelt the U.S. followed an aggressive
  foreign policy and continued to expand its power
  overseas.
• Speak softly and carry a big stick!
• SS use diplomacy
• CABS use deterence, maybe military
• Panama Canal.
• Negotiated peace with Russia and Japanese.
• Won a Nobel Prize

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Roosevelt Corollary

• Issued to add onto the Monroe Doctrine.
• He denied the US wanted any territory!
• He said the Us only wanted to see neighboring
  countries stable, orderly, and prosperous.
• But the US might be forced to exercise an
  international police power.

• It must be understood that under no
  circumstances will the US use the Monroe Doctrine
  as a cloak for territorial aggression. We desire
  peace will all the world, but perhaps most of all
  with the other peoples of the American
  continentIt is always possible that wrong
  actions towards this nationmay result in our
  having to take action to protect our rights but
  such action will not be taken with a view to
  territorial aggression.

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Taft and Dollar Diplomacy

• Elected 1908.
• Not as aggressive with foreign policy as Teddy.
• Wanted to
• Maintain open door to Asia
• Preserve stability in Latin America.
• Substitute dollars for bullets.
• Dollar Diplomacy
• Pumping into unstable govts doesnt always
  work

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Imperialist vs. Anti-Imperialist

• Americans need a new frontier
• Economy would benefit from more markets
• Military would gain power by having bases around
  the world
• American ideals of liberty and democracy would be
  spread

• People in territories under American control will
  be denied their liberties
• Racists beliefs are used to justify controlling
  other nations
• Overseas involvement is expensive, leading to
  higher taxes and debts
• U.S. has enough problems at home, should not take
  on more responsibilities

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Homework

• Create FRONT PAGE yellow journalism news story
  from Chapter 18.
• Any event that has occurred in this chapter.
• Be sure to name your newspaper!
• Remember to focus on entertainment more so than
  content.