Body Systems

1
Body Systems
2
Skeletal System (p. 850)

• function to protect and support
• axial skull, rib cage, vertebral column
• appendicular pectoral pelvic girdles, arms,
  legs
• 206 bones in human body
• cranium scapula coccyx carpals
• maxilla sternum humerus
  femur
• mandible rib cage metacarpals
  radius
• clavicle vertebral column (vertebrae) ulna
• pelvis sacrum phalanges tibia
  
• patella fibula metatarsals
  tarsals

3
Muscular System (p. 856)

• function move skeleton contract organs
• parts
• masseter (in cheek)
• sternocleidomastoid (in neck)
• trapezius (back)
• pectoralis major (chest)
• biceps (upper arm)
• triceps (upper arm underneath)
• external oblique (sides)
• rectus abdominus (abdominals)

4
Muscular System

• gluteus maximus (buttocks)
• rectus femoris (thigh)
• vastus lateralis (outer side of thigh)
• sartorius (diagonal across thigh)
• gastrocnemius (calf)
• deltoid (shoulder)
• Muscle tissue types
• 1) cardiac heart muscle
• 2) skeletal on bones
• 3) smooth (visceral) covers organs

5
Digestive System (p. 906)

• function to take in, break down, absorb
• nutrients eliminate solid waste
• digestive tract (alimentary canal, GI tract)
  pathway
• mouth - takes in food begins chemical
• physical digestion
• salivary glands secrete saliva
• pharynx - where food is swallowed
• esophagus - transports food to stomach
• cardiac sphincter

6
Digestive System

• stomach - stores grinds food into chyme ( a
• soupy mix)
• pyloric sphincter
• small intestine - (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
• absorbs nutrients
• villi lining of small intestine create
  more
• surface area
• liver produces bile
• gall bladder stores bile
• pancreas secretes digestive enzymes

7
Digestive System

• large intestine (colon) reabsorbs water
• rectum - last part of colon
• anus - releases waste
• bolus ball of food created by
  chewing/mixing with saliva
• peristalsis involuntary rhythmic
  contractions
• of digestive tract

8
Respiratory system (p. 885)

• function exchange gases (take in O2 release
• CO2 excess water)
• parts
• mouth/nose take in air
• pharynx
• trachea transport air to/from lungs
• epiglottis covers trachea when swallowing
• bronchi branches of trachea (same function)
• bronchioles branches of bronchi (same
  function)
• alveoli gas exchange
• diaphragm causes lungs to expand/contract