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Biology Objective 3

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Biology Objective 3 Demonstrate an understanding of the interdependence of organisms and the environment. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Biology Objective 3


1
Biology Objective 3
  • Demonstrate an understanding of the
    interdependence of organisms and the environment.

2
Biomes Identified by biotic and abiotic factors
  • Biotic what kinds of plants and animals live in
    it.
  • Abiotic Nonliving characteristics such as soil
    type, rainfall amounts, and average temperature
    cycles.

3
A scientist has hypothesized that theexistence
of life on Mars is likely becauseMarss
atmosphere is 95 carbon dioxide.
  • 36 Which question is valid in testing this
    hypothesis?
  • F Do most other scientists agree with the
    hypothesis?
  • G Could abiotic processes account for the carbon
    dioxide?
  • H What is the percent of argon compared to carbon
    dioxide in the Martian atmosphere?
  • J Have the scientists other predictions about
    Mars been validated?

4
What are they referring to?
  • Biosphere The entire area of the planet that
    supports life.
  • Biome An area defined by specific abiotic and
    biotic factors.
  • Community The groups of living things in an
    area and how they relate.

5
36 Which question is valid in testing this
hypothesis?
When testing an hypothesis, there should be only
one variable changed at a time. If this is not
possible, then all possible reasons for an
outcome need to be considered. In this case,
carbon dioxide can be produced by chemical
reactions other than cellular respiration, which
is a biotic process. That is why answer G is the
best answer.
F Do most other scientists agree with the
hypothesis? G Could abiotic processes account for
the carbon dioxide? H What is the percent of
argon compared to carbon dioxide in the Martian
atmosphere? J Have the scientists other
predictions about Mars been validated?
6
Name the Biome
Temperate Forest
Desert
Tundra
Grasslands
Tropical Rainforest
Tiaga
7
Ecology The study of the relationships among
living things
  • Symbiosis is a close relationship between two
    living things.
  • When both are helped it is called mutualism
  • When one is helped and there is no effect on the
    other it is called commensulism
  • When one is helped and the other is harmed it is
    called parasitism

8
Mutualism . . .
  • Sharks are cleaned by a little fish known as a
    Remora. The shark never eats them since they
    clean bacteria off of the shark. Since both
    species are helped, this is mutualism.

9
Commensulism . . .
  • Orchids live high in tree-tops on the branches of
    large trees. They do not harm the tree, but they
    are helped by being raised up into the sunshine
    and receiving water.

10
Parasites . . .
  • Parasites harm or kill the host. A good example
    is a tape worm. It intercepts all of the hosts
    food, causing the host to starve to death.

11
  • 35 Clown fish are small reef fish that seek
    protection from predators by sheltering
    themselves among the stinging tentacles of sea
    anemones. Clown fish are very territorial and can
    potentially scare off predators of sea anemones.
    This relationship is an example of --
  • A neutralism
  • B mutualism
  • C parasitism
  • D commensalism

This is not a type of symbiosis Incorrect
Since both are helped, it is of mutual benefit or
Neither is harmed so this is incorrect
Means only one is being helped and the
relationship has no effect on the other also
incorrect
12
What is helped? Both the ants and the tree.
This is the definition of
13
All energy on the earth comes from the sun.
14
18 Energy used by producers in a grassland food
web is provided by-
Used by producers
This is a process, not an energy source. H and J
are elements which are types of matter, not
energy. So our answer should be F
  • F sunlight
  • G photosynthesis
  • H oxygen
  • J carbon dioxide

15
Energy Diagrams
  • At one end of the diagram are plants. They are
    called producers since they are capable of
    turning sunlight into food by photosynthesis.
    They pass 10 of the energy they absorb to
    animals that eat them.

16
Consumers
  • 1st Order Consumers eat only plants and are also
    called herbivores.
  • 2nd Order Consumers eat only animals and are
    called carnivores.
  • 3rd Order Consumers animals that eat other
    animals, they are also known as carnivores

17
Trophic level Means 1st , 2nd or 3rd Order
Consumer
39 Wolves and hawks are at the same trophic
level because they A both live on land B are
both large mammals C both eat primary consumers D
have similar hunting patterns
18
10 Energy Rule Only 10 of the energy moves up
to the next trophic level.
Decomposers
19
If we apply the 10 rule, 10 of the 1000 kcal of
the plant is consumed or 100 kcal, and 10 of
that is 10 kcal which is 1 of the original
1000kcal, but only 3 kcal is available to the
tissues so it is A.
43 Approximately how much of the energy available
in the tissues of the producer is eventually
incorporated into the tissues of a secondary
consumer? A Less than 1 B Between 20 and
30 C Approximately 50 D More than 50
20
Food Chain One of many feeding relationships in
a community
  • Arrows in a food chain show the direction of
    energy flow.
  • This is not the only feeding relationship for
    these organisms.
  • When several or all of the food relationships are
    shown its a . . .

21
Food Web
22
Food Webs
  • Food webs attempt to show all the feeding
    relationships in a community.
  • The direction of the arrows shows the direction
    of energy flow.
  • At the bottom of every web and every chain is a
    plant. These are the only things that can turn
    sunshine into food.

23
  • 37 Which of these groups of organisms would most
    likely have accumulated the largest concentration
    of a long-lasting chemical pollutant in their
    bodies?
  • A Phytoplankton
  • B Zooplankton
  • C Lake trout
  • D Gulls

Since the Gulls are at the top of the food web,
they would have the highest accumulation of
everything but energy.
24
Predator and Prey
  • Prey are the animals that are eaten as a food
    source for the . . .
  • Predator This is the hunter animal. The
    population of the predator must be less than the
    prey or they do not have enough food.

25
To increase the predator population you could do
what?
  • 24 Which of the following is most likely to cause
    increases in a predator population?
  • F Fewer prey
  • G A reduction in competition
  • H More parasites
  • J A period of drought

Reduces available food Nope!
Less predators, they would be sick or dying!
Less predators and prey, theyd be gone looking
for water!
26
Carrying Capacity
  • This is the maximum number of a specific
    population that an area can support with enough
    food and living requirements. It is shown by a
    line on population graphs for a specific species.

27
2 Because of this animals adaptations, it would
be most successful at
  • F competing with birds
  • G making its own food
  • H hiding from predators
  • J running very rapidly

28
Mans Effects on the Environment
  • Ozone O3 is a protective layer at the top of the
    atmosphere.
  • However, when it occurs near the ground, it is
    very harmful to all living things, it is SMOG

29
Mans Effects on the Environment
  • Global warming, also called the Greenhouse
    Effect is caused by excess burning of fossil
    fuels and destruction of our oxygen producing
    protista in the oceans, and deforestation on
    land. Less plants means less oxygen and more
    CO2.

30
54 Which of these activities can help conserve
natural resources?
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
What is the phrase for ecology?
  • F Recycling cardboard boxes
  • G Washing small loads of laundry
  • H Driving large cars
  • J Building wooden fences

Yes! Recycle! Not saving water! Wasting fuel!
Cutting down trees that give oxygen and clean
air!
31
Evolution The process of change over time.
  • There are natural variations in all populations.
  • As climate changes occur, and as pressures in
    terms of food, space, shelter and predation
    occur, some variations allow a species to
    survive.
  • The members who survive, reproduce causing the
    change to become a characteristic of the species.

32
Speciation Separation into new species.
  • Geographic isolation can cause two different
    natural variations to become prominent causing 2
    separate species.
  • Reproductive isolation can have the same effect.

33
Homologous vs. Analogous Structures
  • Homologous means they have the same origin, but
    may be different now.
  • Example, the upper arm bones in dogs, cows, cats
    and monkeys.
  • Analogous means they have the same function but
    come from different origins.
  • Example, bird wings and wings of bats.

34
Viruses
  • Viruses are not alive because they can not
    reproduce on their own, and
  • They do not grow and develop and
  • They do not exchange with their environment

35
Viral Illnesses
  • Measles, mumps, colds, influenza, Cold Sores,
    mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus are all
    illnesses that are caused by a virus.
  • A Virus is has a coat, a strand inside of DNA or
    RNA, and some type of attachment appendage. AIDS
    destroys T Cells (immune cells)

36
Bacteria
  • Bacteria can cause illnesses too, however 90 of
    all bacteria is helpful, NOT harmful.
  • Without bacteria, you would not be able to make
    or eat cheese or ice cream. Without them, you
    would be ill most of the time.
  • Strep Throat and Staph infections are examples of
    bacterial infections. Antibiotics are used to
    treat bacterial infections.
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