Grade 10: Food from the Land

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Types of Agriculture

• Grade 10 Food from the Land

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Mixed Farming

• The use of a single farm for multiple purposes,
  as the growing of cash crops or the raising of
  livestock.

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Mixed Farms..
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Mixed Farms..

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

• Reduce risk of losing money
• Keeps soil from being exhausted
• Can plan crops based on variable factors
  (including demand, climate etc.)

• Farmers must divide their attention between
  multiple endeavours.

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Grain Farming

• The growing and harvesting of wheat, corn, rice,
  and other grains.

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The Grain Farm Industry

• The Grain farming industry includes about 240,000
  farms with an annual grain revenue of 70
  billion.
• Major grain seed production companies are
• Monsanto, Syngenta, and DuPont.
• Average annual total revenue per grain farm is
  300 000.
• Top 10 or farms generate 1/3 of total industry
  revenue.

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Dairying

• The business of owning and operating a dairy farm.

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Crucial Cow Content

• More than 60,000 U.S. dairy farms provide milk,
  cheese, yogurt and other dairy products to the
  U.S. and other countries.
• About 99 of all U.S. dairy farms are
  family-owned and operated.
• The average herd size on a dairy farm is 135
  mature cows.
• A cow will produce an average of 6.3 gallons of
  milk each day.

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Ranching

• An extensive farm focused on raising a specific
  kind of livestock usually large herds of cattle
  or sheep for meat and wool.

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Ranch Information

• People who own or operate a ranch are called
  stockgrowers or ranchers.
• Ranching is also a method used to raise less
  common livestock such as elk, bison, ostrich and
  emu
• Some ranches cater exclusively to tourists these
  are called guest ranches or dude ranches. (not
  included in Ag. Industry)

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Intensive Farming

• Also called intensive agriculture, is an
  agricultural production system characterized by
  the high inputs of capital, fertilizers, labour,
  or labour-saving technologies such as
  pesticides.
• In Contrast with Extensive Farming, which
  involves a low input of materials and labour,
  with the crop yield depending largely on the
  naturally available soil fertility, water supply
  or other land qualities.

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Thats INTENSE!!

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

• Increased yield
• Leads to cheaper products because of large
  quantity
• Less space for animals means less energy, and
  less food required to feed them
• Some feel its necessary for adequate food
  production and cost efficiency.

• Alters the environment
• Limits natural habitats of animals and wildlife
• Can lead to soil erosion
• Fertilizers can alter biology of rivers and lakes
• Pesticides can kill useful insects
• Not very sustainable

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Plantation Farming

• A plantation is a large area of land that is
  usually privately or government owned and employs
  resident labour to cultivate a single commercial
  crop.
• Plantation agriculture is generally found in
  tropical and subtropical regions. This type of
  agriculture has achieved new degrees of
  efficiency in Central and South America.

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Problems with Plantations

• - If a natural forest is cleared for a
  plantation, there is a loss of biodiversity and
  habitat.
• BUT creating plantations for wood could
  eliminate the need to exploit natural forests.

• In past times plantations have been associated
  with slavery.

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Rice Farming

• Usually exists on a paddy field, which is made
  up of a flooded area of arable land.
• Rice can be grown in dry-fields, but from the
  20th century, paddy-field agriculture became the
  dominant form of growing rice.

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Rice continued...

• Paddy Fields
• can be built adjacent to rivers or marshes
• constructed on steep hillsides. (high cost)
• Require large quantities of water for irrigation.

• Rice Farming is very dominant in East, South, and
  South-East Asia.

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Subsistence Farming

• Self-sufficient farming in which farmers grow
  only enough food to feed the family, and to make
  a living.
• Typical subsistence Farms have a range of crops
  and animals needed by the family.

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Modern Subsistence Farming

• Largely Subsided in Europe by the start of WWI,
  and in North America by the 1930s and 40s
• Small percentage of North Americans would still
  be subsistence Farmers. (Eg Hutterites)

• Exists today in large parts of Africa, Asia and
  South America
• In areas which are sparsely populated, can be
  sustainable for a long time.

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Nomadic Herding

• The act of bringing individual animals together
  into a group, maintaining the group and moving
  the group from place to place.

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Nomadic Herders

• In the drier parts of Asia, especially Southwest
  Asia, most rural people make a living by raising
  livestock.
• Many are nomads who move with their herds of
  animals over large territories

• constantly seeking good supplies of grass and
  water
• people live simply and carry their tents and
  belongings with them
• Goats
• Sheep
• Camels
• Yaks