Unit 1 A land of diversity

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Unit 1
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Unit 1 A land of diversity
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?????(?)
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Revising useful structures
Look at the following clauses in the sentences
and think about what role do these clauses play
in the sentences?
What attracts people to California is its
pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.
??
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This is why each year a great number of people
from all over the world try to immigrate to
California.
??
However, most applicants know that they have very
little chance of getting visa.
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?????

• 1. ??
• ?????_____?????????? (Noun Clauses)???????????
  _________, ?????????_____?_____?_____?______?_____
  ____?, ???????????????, ??????????????(Subject
  Clause)?????(Object Clause)?????(Predicative
  Clause)??????(Appositive Clause)?

??
????
??
??
??
???
????
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• What he wants to tell us is not clear.
• I believe (that) he is honest.
• The question is who (which of you) will be the
  next speaker.
• The news that he had landed on the moon spread
  all over the world.

________
????
_________
????
????
_________
__________
?????
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• 2. ????????????????
• ???/????that, whether, if??????????
• ???? what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
  whose, which
• ???? when, where, how, why

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• 3. ???????
• 1) ??????
• 2) ????????????????????

e.g. That she was chosen made us very 
happy. We heard the news that our team 
had won.
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• Subject Clause (????)
• Object Clause (????)
• Predicative Clause (????)

Noun clause
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???????

• ????????????_____, ??
• ???_____, ?????????
• ??_____, ????????___?

??
??
??
it

• That the earth is round is true.
• It is true that the earth is round.

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• 2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided.
• It hasnt been decided whether he will come.
• ?? ??that, whether??????? ????, ??????, ????
  (? if??????????)

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• ???it????????
• (1) It is????
• It is a fact that ???
• It is an honor that ????
• It is common knowledge that???
• (2) It is????? (??should)
• It is natural that ???
• It is strange that ????

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• (3) It is???????
• It seems that ??
• It happened that ??
• It appears that ??
• (4) It is??????
• It is reported that ???
• It has been proved that ???
• It is said that ??

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e.g. It is certain that he will come. It
is said that some American friends will
visit our school next week. It happened
that we were out for a walk yesterday
evening. It doesnt matter whether I stay
or not.
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????-ever????(?whoever,
whatever)??????????? ?? Whoever
leaves the room last should close the
door. Whatever we do must be in the
interests of the people.
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• ??it??????it????????
• it???????????, ????
• ???????, ????????
• ?????it??????????
• ?????????, ??????
• ????, ?????that????
• ????????who/whom???

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• It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.
• It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or
  not.
• It is in the morning that the murder took place.
• It is John that broke the window.

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• ??what?that???????????
• what?????????????
• ????, ?????????, ?
• that???, ????????
• e.g. What you said yesterday is right.
• That she is still alive is a
  consolation.

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???????

• ????
• ?? ???(???) ????
• ???
• ????that, whether, if
• ????who, whom, whose, which,
• what
• ????where, how, why, when

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• He has got a pen. I think
• I think (that) he has got a pen.
• Where do they study English? Lily asks
• Lily asks where they study English.
• Will you help me? I ask
• I ask if you will help me.

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• ????(???)
• 1. ??????????(?????????), ???that??, ??that
  ??????????, ?????????, ????????????????

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• He said (that) he would like to see the
  headmaster.
• Jane said (that) she wasnt late for the meeting.

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• 2. ????????????, ???????????, ????????(????)??????
  ???????, ???????, ????????

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• Do you know what he said just now?
• I dont remember when we arrived.
• I asked him where I could get so much money.
• Please tell me who we have to see.
• Do you know what time the plane leaves?

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• 3. ????????????, ???whether?if ?? (????? if),
  ??if/whether?????, ???????, ???????
• e.g. Lily wanted to know if /whether her
• grandma liked the handbag.
• Lets see if /whether we can find out
• some information about that city.

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?? ? ??????whether???if?? ???????? A.
?????????????? The question is whether the
film is worth seeing. The news whether
our team has won the match is unknown.
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B. ??????,???it????? ?, whether?if????????, ??,
???? whether?? Whether we shall attend the
meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt
been decided whether (if) we shall attend the
meeting.
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C. ??????(????????) e.g. It all depends (on)
whether they will support us. D.
??????????? e.g. He doesnt know whether to stay
or not. E. ????or not?? e.g. We didnt know
whether or not she was ready.
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? ??? if, whether??????? ?? A. ??????? e.g. I
wonder if (whether) the news is true or
not. B. ?be?????? e.g. He was not sure
whether (if) it is right or wrong.
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? ??????whether?if, ??? that?????
?doubt??????,???? ??, ???????whether?if, ?
??????????that? e.g. I doubt whether he
will come soon.
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I do not doubt that he will come soon. Do you
doubt that he will come soon? ??
???????doubt???? ??????? I doubt that he
will come.
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4. ?????????? ?????? ?????????,
??????? ???????? e.g. There is no news about
whether a new bridge will be built.
We are considering of where these trees
should be planted.
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• ???? ??????
• ??????
• He would be back in an hour. He said
• He said (that) he would be back in an hour.

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• Do they speak English? We want to know
• We want to know if / whether they can speak
  English.
• What is her name? He asks me
• He asks me what her name is.

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• ????
• ??????????(???????, ?????),
  ???????????????????????

• When will Professor Li give us a talk? We
  wanted to know
• We wanted to know when Professor Li would
  give us a talk.

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• Jim is a good student. The teacher said
• The teacher said (that) Jim was a good
  student.

• Has Mr. Green been in Beijing for five years? He
  asked
• He asked if/whether Mr. Green had been in
  Beijing for five years.

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• ???think, believe, suppose, expect?????,
  ?????????????????????
• e.g. I dont think he will see you.
• I dont believe he will go.
• We dont expect he is coming.
• I dont suppose he can do it, can he?

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• ? ????????????????I?we,???????????????????????
• e.g. I dont think he can do it, can he?
• I dont think you are right, are you?

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• ?suggest, insist, demand, order, require?????,
  ??, ??????, ??????????????
• e.g. I insisted that he (should) do it at once.
• She suggested that the work (should)
• be finished at once.

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• ??
• 1. ????????, ??, ??, ??????????
• 2. ??????????ask?, ??????that ??????????say?,
  ???that?
• e.g. She says (that) she will leave a
• message on his desk.
• He asks if I like playing the piano.

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• 3. ???????or?or not?, ??? whether???if?
• e.g. Do you know whether he is right or
• not?
• I dont care whether hell stay here
• or not.
• I dont know whether it is going to
• rain or not.

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????????????, ???? ????, ?it?????, ????
???, ?????????? make, find, see,
hear, feel, think ... e.g. I think it necessary
that we take plenty of hot water every
day. I think it a pity to waste the food.

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???????

• ???????_____????????, ?????????????????????
  ????, ???????????, ???as if?????????____________
  _________?
• e.g. Thats what we should do.
• Thats why I want to see you.

??
??
???
that??
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• The reason for my absence was that I was ill.
  
• 1. be, seem, look???????????
• e.g. My suggestion is that we should go
• shopping.
• It seems that it is going to rain.

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• 2. as if, because?????????
• e.g. It looks as if its going to rain.
• It was because I got up late.
• 3. ???????, ???????that?????
• e.g. The trouble is (that) he is ill.

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• ??
• ??????, ?reason????, ??????that, ???because?
• e.g. The reason why he was late was
• that he didnt catch the early bus.
• ???????????????
• ???

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4. ????????idea, advice, suggestion, order,
request, requirement?, ????????? ???
(should) v. e.g. My suggestion is that we
should have a discussion about this
matter instead of just setting it aside.

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?????????? 1. _____ surprised me most was
_____ she spoke English so well. 2. The true
value of life does not lie in ______ you
get, but _____ you give.    3. He stayed up
late every night, preparing for the exam.
That was _____ he got a good grade.
What
that
what
what
why
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4. It doesnt matter ________ you have seen
things like these before or not. 5. You cant
imagine ________ excited they were when they
received these nice Christmas presents. 6.
The question ________ it is right or wrong
depends on the result.
whether
how
whether
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Homework
Finish Activities 1-3 on page 49 on the workbook.
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