The roaring twenties

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The roaring twenties
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• New economic order
• Corporate consolidation
• mergers
• B. Mass production
• assembly line

• Companies consolidated strengthened their
  positions in the market
• Businesses rebounded from the Progressive Era as
  government supported business (by leaving them
  alone)

• Decreased costs and increased production
• Limited need for skilled labor in manufacturing
  jobs

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• New economic order
• C. advertising
• d. ailing agriculture

• Advertisers were no longer viewed as snake-oil
  salesmen
• Appealed to specific fields of shoppers (women)

• Overexpansion and debt dominated 1920s farmer
• Environmental issues led to future problems

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The 1920 Election
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• II. Republicans in power
• A. harding coolidge
• return to normalcy
• Teapot dome scandal
• govt which serves best, serves least
• business of the american people is business

• Progressive Era ended with Hardings Return to
  Normalcy
• Scandal corruption hurt Hardings legacy
• Republicans became small govt big business
  party

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• II. Republicans in power
• B. return to isolationism
• Defeat of versailles treaty
• Return of high tariffs
• Dawes plan

• Wilsons League of Nations flops as Republican
  Congress defeated ratification of the Versailles
  Treaty
• U.S. looked at results of WWI and returned to
  policy of isolationism
• Only major legislation by Republican Congress was
  to protect U.S. from the rest of the world (i.e.
  immigration, tariffs)
• Dawes Plan sought to make U.S. the world banker
  (U.S. only dealt with rest of the world through
  trade economics)

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• II. Republicans in power
• c. womens impact on politics
• Appeals by both parties
• Movement loses outside support

• Both Democrats and Republicans appealed to
  womens rights movement, although neither really
  attempted to gain gender equality
• Following the right to vote, women did not
  greatly affect any elections
• Although many more women attended high school,
  college, and entered scientific educational
  fields, women still earned less money and often
  met the glass ceiling in many fields
• Most supporters of the 19th amendment did not
  support further gender equality

Womens Movement in the 1920s
Social freedom for young generation of women!!
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iii. Mass society, mass culture a. urbanized
america b. modern appliances

• 1920 more Americans living in city than
  countryside (first time in history)
• Large cities developed in Midwest and even West

• Refrigerators, washing machines became affordable
  to American households for the first time
• Result was first debtor generation

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iii. Mass society, mass culture C. the automobile

• Fords assembly line made autos affordable
• The auto freed the youth from parlor dating
• Sunday drives
• Allowed people to move farther from inner city

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iii. Mass society, mass culture D. the
radio E. the movies

• Created first national culture
• Entertainment news value

• As many as 80 million weekly movie-goers 65 of
  the population
• In 2000, attendance was 27 million, or 9.7
• Talkies introduced by end of 1920s
• Early stars in Hollywood

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iii. Mass society, mass culture F. hero worship

• National heroes emerged due to exposure and
  national culture
• Sports became key entertainment value and aerial
  heroes emerged like Amelia Earhart and Charles
  Lindhbergh drew national attention

• Boxing greats like Jack Dempsey Gene Tunney
  enjoyed enormous fame
• Even crime bosses gained fame from urban,
  immigrant youth

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III. Mass society, mass culture
G. environmental issues

• Industrial dumping caused environmental hazard
  problems
• Excess farming led to beginning of soil erosion
  across Midwest

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iv. Jazz age a. lost generation

• Feeling of despair (mostly caused by war
  experiences) led to more cynical literature art

Gertrude Stein with Hemingways son, Jack, in 1924
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iv. Jazz age B. dancing

• Dances like the Charleston became extremely
  popular

C. flappers

• Young women demonstrated new social standards
• Flappers were a key example of the new life of
  the 1920s

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iv. Jazz age D. Harlem Renaissance

• Through music, art, and literature, a new
  artistic movement came from the New Orleans area
  (Deep South) and moved to Harlem
• Harlem became the hot spot for the arts

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I, too, sing America. I am the darker
brother.They send me to eat in the kitchenWhen
company comes,But I laugh,And eat well,And
grow strong. Tomorrow,I'll be at the
tableWhen company comes.Nobody'll dareSay to
me,"Eat in the kitchen,"Then.
Besides,They'll see how beautiful I amAnd be
ashamed I, too, am America. - Langston
Hughes, 1925
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v. Society in conflict A. Red scare 1. Palmer
raids 2. FBi (j. edgar hoover)

• Government attempts to eliminate anarchists and
  communists led to raids of suspected homes
  offices

• The FBI came from the Palmer Raids as an
  organization needed to supervise the U.S. against
  criminal activities

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• b. Nativism
• immigration restriction

• xenophobia
• National Origins Act
• Johnson-Reed Act

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v. Society in conflict b. Nativism 2. Sacco
Vanzetti case

• Sacco Vanzetti were accused of murder
• Later convicted, although the evidence against
  them was shaky
• Trial divided America immigrant vs.
  anti-immigrant

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v. Society in conflict b. Nativism 3. Ku Klux
Klan

• Glorified in Birth of a Nation
• U.S. average 75 lynching yearly during 1920s

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v. Society in conflict c. garvey movement

• Began militant Black Pride movement
• Favored a return to Africa to leave oppressive
  White America

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v. Society in conflict d. fundamentalism
scopes trial

• Evolutionism vs. Creationism
• Test case for view of science vs. faith

John Scopes
Clarence Darrow (fresh off Leopold Loeb Trial)
William Jennings Bryan
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v. Society in conflict e. prohibition

• Sale, distribution, creation of alcohol made
  illegal in the 18th Amendment

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Alcohol Consumption in the United States,
1910-1929
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Organized crime grew during Prohibition, creating
our nations first gangsters.
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Prohibition was eventually repealed with the 21st
Amendment