The Roaring Twenties

1
The Jazz Age
2
Postwar Social Changes

• Urban Migration
• Womens Roles
• Hero Worship
• The Performing and Literary Arts

• Mass Media
• Prohibition
• Organized Crime
• Racial Tension
• Religion

3
Famous Faces of the Jazz Age
4
Demographics Change

• Statistics that describe
• a population
• Age
• Gender
• Race
• Income

5
____ ________

• Farmers moved from rural to urban areas as farm
  prices fell after WWI
• Great Migration of blacks from the South to the
  North continued
• Mexican immigrants came to farms and cities in
  California and Texas and created barrios, Spanish
  speaking neighborhoods

6
___ __ ___ __

• Jazz came from African American music of the
  South
• New Orleans
• Syncopated rhythms
• Improvisation
• Harlem 500 jazz clubs
• Black performers
• White audiences

7
Cotton Club
The Most Famous of the Harlem Jazz Clubs
8
Duke Ellington
Pianist, Band Leader, Arranger, Composer
9
Duke Ellington His Cotton Club Orchestra 1927
10
Louis Armstrong

• Born in New Orleans
• Nicknamed Satchmo
• Improvised trumpet solos
• Scat improvised vocals with non-sense
  syllables

11
Louis Armstrong
Satchmo
12
Women's Roles Change

• Flappers
• Rebellious, bold, fun-loving
• Knee-length dresses
• Short bobbed hair
• Tight bell-shaped hats
• Drank hard liquor
• Smoked cigarettes

• More women working
• Higher paying jobs
• 1920 Suffrage
• Drastic changes in clothing, hairstyle, and
  manners

13
Flappers Doing the Charleston
14
Vintage Flapper Dresses
15
Fashion Advice for the Flapper
16
15,000 new hair salons opened in the 1920s
17
Elegant Womens Fashions
18
Video Music, Alcohol, and Women in the Roaring
Twenties
156
19
Jazz Age Heroes
The American Spirit of Individualism and
Achievement
20
Conquering the Sky
21
______ ________

• May 1927 - Flew solo across the Atlantic
• New York to Paris - 33 hr. 10 min.
• Spirit of St. Louis
• Admired for his solid moral values humility
• 1932 - His son was kidnapped from his crib and
  murdered

22
Lucky Lindy An American Hero
23
Lucky Lindy and the Spirit of St. Louis
24
Charles Lindbergh 1902 - 1974
25
Conquering Physics
26
George Herman Ruth

• The Babe
• The Sultan of Swat
• Played for Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees
• Record career 714 home runs
• Record 60 home runs in a 154 game season

27
The Babe
28
Video The Babe Hits His 60th
110
29
___ ______

• The Manassa Mauler
• 1919 - Won the Heavy Weight World Championship
  of boxing
• Highly publicized fights broke the record for
  ticket sales
• 1921 - First fight to be heard on radio
• Boxing became big business

30
Jack Dempsey Heavy Weight Champion 1921
31
(No Transcript)
32
Note on the video clip to follow

• July 4th, 1919 in Toledo, Ohio
• Dempsey is the 24 year old challenger
• Jess Willard is the 37 year old Heavyweight World
  Champion
• Dempseys manager tells him just before the fight
  that he has wagered his entire purse from the
  fight in a bet that Dempsey would knock the
  champion out in the FIRST round
• Dempsey knocks Willard down 7 times in the first
  round, but does not knock him out until the 3rd
  round
• Willards jaw, cheek bone, and ribs were broken
  and several teeth were knocked out
• Dempsey wins the Heavyweight World Title, but NO
  MONEY

33
Print, film, and broadcast methods of
communicating information to large numbers of
people
Mass Media
34
_____

• 1890 to 1927 - Silent films
• 1927 First talkie was The Jazz Singer -
  included speech, music and sound effects
• 1930 22,500 theaters, 80 million tickets sold
  per week

35
Early Stars of the Silver Screen
Al Jolson Star of The Jazz Singer
36
Greta Garbo Lillian Gish
37
Jazz Babies Gloria Swanson Marie Prevost
38
Charlie Chaplin

• Silent screen movie star
• Created character The Little Tramp -tattered
  suit, derby hat and cane
• Later very successful in the talkies using
  music to continue his soundless portrayal of the
  little tramp

39
(No Transcript)
40
Video Charlie Chaplin Performs the Table Ballet
102
41
Video Charlie Chaplin as The Boxer
517
42
200 million copies sold in 1929
Magazines

• Readers Digest
• Saturday Evening Post
• Ladies Home Journal
• Time

43
(No Transcript)
44
(No Transcript)
45
(No Transcript)
46
____

• 1920 - First radio broadcast from a Westinghouse
  Electric Company engineers garage in Pittsburg
• 1922 500 radio stations in U.S.

47
1921 Cathedral Style Radio 20
48
KDKA First Radio Station
49
The First Radio News Broadcast 1920 Election
Results
50
The Fine Arts and Literature
51
Georgia O'Keeffe

• 1887 - 1986
• Jazz Age painter
• Painted natural objects and landscapes

Taos Mountain, New Mexico
52
Georgia OKeeffe
53
Oriental Poppies
54
Blue Morning Glories
55
Pink and Green Mountain
56
Shell No. 1
57
The Lost Generation Writers
58
Expatriates

• Group of American writers
• Unhappy with American popular culture in the
  1920s
• Rejected the materialism and shallow values of
  American society
• Moved to Europe

59
Ernest Hemingway

• Ambulance driver for the Red Cross during the
  Great War
• An expatriate American writer who lived in
  Paris, France
• Wrote short stories and novels about war,
  adventure, and the disillusionment of the youth
  after the war
• Won the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for
  literature (1953 1954)

60
Hemingway Novels

• The Sun Also Rises
• A Farewell to Arms
• For Whom the Bell Tolls
• The Old Man and the Sea

61
Ernest Hemingway World War I
62
(No Transcript)
63
Ernest Hemingway 1899 - 1961
Suicide by shotgun
64
F. Scott Fitzgerald

• Expatriate American writer living in Paris
• Wrote about the Jazz Age and the flapper
  culture
• Themes - the shallow, self-centered existence of
  the 1920s, especially the wealthy class
• Masterpiece - The Great Gatsby

65
F. Scott Fitzgerald c. 1925
66
Scott Zelda Fitzgerald Symbols of the Jazz Age
67
Harlem Renaissance
African American literary awakening of the
1920s
68
Black Writers

• James Weldon Johnson
• Zora Neale Hurston
• Langston Hughes

Represented the values and vision of the new
negro
69
James Weldon Johnson
Poet Novelist NYU Professor
70
Langston Hughes
Poet Novelist Playwright
71
Cultural Conflicts
Race Crime Religion
72
Prohibition

• 18th Amendment banned alcohol in January 1920
• Goal was to reduce
• Family abuse and violence
• Prostitution, gambling and other vice in saloons
• Missed time and accidents in the work place

73
Video Prohibition and Organized Crime
434
74
Bootleggers

• Suppliers of illegal alcohol
• Originally meant drinkers who secretly hid flasks
  of alcohol in the leg of their boots

75
__________

• Secret illegal bars that served alcohol
• There were more than twice as many speakeasies
  operating than there had been legal saloons
  before Prohibition

76
Speakeasy Membership Cards
77
House Rules at one Speakeasy
78
Organized Crime

• Local gangsters combined forces to run complex
  bootlegging operations
• Also involved in gambling and prostitution
• Racketeering
• Police and government officials were bribed to
  ignore the illegal activities
• Shop owners were forced to pay fees for
  protection from mobsters

79
J. Edgar Hoover

• Director of the FBI 1924 1972
• Dedicated to stopping organized crime

80
Al Capone

• Scarface
• 1925 - Rose to the top of Chicagos mob
• Committed or ordered 100s of murders
• Made 100s of millions illegally
• 1931 - Convicted of income tax evasion
• Served 8 years of 11 year sentence
• Released early for good behavior

81
Al Capone in his prime
82
Capone 1939 After 8 years at Alcatraz
83
Growing Racial Tensions
84
______ __ ___ ___

• KKK disappeared during Reconstruction
• 1915 Revived by a Methodist preacher
• 1922 100,000 members
• 1924 4,000,000 members
• Defended white Protestant culture against
  anything un-American
• Terrorized Blacks, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants

85
KKK Rally
86
Marcus Garvey

• African American nationalist who created a back
  to Africa movement
• Wanted African Americans to create a
  self-governing nation in Africa
• Created the Black Star Shipping Line for
  transporting African Americans to Africa
• Called for separation of the races rather than
  integration
• Went to jail on fraud and later was deported to
  Jamaica

87
Marcus Garvey Leader of the Back to Africa
Movement
88
Religion vs. Science?
89
Fundamentalism

• Belief in traditional Christian teachings
• Belief that the Bible is literally true and
  cannot contain any errors

90
____ _____

• Preacher who preached against the evils of
  alcohol, evolution, and gambling
• Held over 300 revival meetings
• Made a fortune -

91
Charles Darwin

• 1809-1882
• British Naturalist
• 1859 -Wrote Origin of Species
• Proposed the theory of natural selection and
  evolution

92
Scopes Trial

• The Monkey Trial
• John Scopes Tennessee science teacher
• 1925 - Arrested for teaching evolution
• Clarence Darrow- defense attorney
• William Jennings Bryan prosecuting attorney
• Scopes found guilty and paid 100 fine

93
Whos the monkey now?
94
John Scopes Tennessee Science Teacher
95
Clarence Darrow William Jennings Bryan
96
Importance of the Scopes Case

• Showed the growing division between modern
  scientific ideas and traditional religious
  beliefs
• Many saw the trial as a victory for science even
  though Scopes lost