The Roaring Twenties

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The Roaring Twenties
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The Roaring Twenties?
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Timeline of Events
1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924
18th Amendment bans manufacture, sale and transport of intoxicating liquors Black Sox Scandal Chicago White Sox are paid by gamblers to lose the World Series Babe Ruth sold to Yankees from Red Sox Prohibition goes in effect National Football League is founded KDKA in Pittsburgh First successful on air radio station Warren Harding elected as president Black Sox consequence Players banned from baseball Radio-baseball First baseball broadcast Sacco-Vanzetti Italian immigrants convicted of a holdup murder in an unjust trial Louis Armstrong Joins King Olivers Creole Jazz Band Rudolph Valentino/ Charlie Chaplin Silent movies become popular Yankee Stadium opens President Harding dies succeeded by Calvin Coolidge Ku Klux Klan Peaks at 3 million members Teapot Dome Scandal Congress investigates Immigration restricted by Congress Wealthy Rule Leopolds murder Bobby Franks Coolidge becomes president
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TimeLine of Events
1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930
Scopes Monkey Trial John T. Scopes is tried for teaching evolution Dion OBanion infamous Chicago mobster is murdered National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is formed Gertrude Ederle swims the English Channel Rudolph Valentino dies Charles Lindberg flies from New York to Paris Sacco/ Vanzetti executed Babe Ruth hits his 60th home run Columbia Broadcasting System(CBS) is formed Cotton Club opens in Harlem Herbert Hoover defeats Al Smith for presidency Franklin Roosevelt is elected governor of NY St. Valentines Day Massacre Five of Al Capones rivals are killed Stock Market crashes (October 29) Unemployment reaches 4 to 5 million Great Depression begins
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Presidents of the 1920s
Warren Harding 1921-23
Herbert Hoover 1929-33
Woodrow Wilson 1913-1920
Calvin Coolidge 1923-29
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Nativism

• In 1924, Congress shut down the long period of
  unrestricted immigration to America.
  (Immigration Act of 1924)
• National-origins quotas set at 2
• It froze Americans existing racial composition

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Ku Klux Klan

• Revival of KKK which was anti-Catholic,
  anti-Black, anti-Jewish, anti-pacifist,
  anti-communist, anti-bootlegger
• Conservative Reaction against the forces of
  diversity and modernism that were changing
  American culture.
• Manifestation of the intolerance and prejudice
  plaguing some Americans of the 1920s

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Prohibition

• The 18th Amendment
• Popular in the Midwest South
• Unpopular in Eastern cities
• Caused an increase in crime (fought over bootleg
  trade)

Bootlegging
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Prohibition 18th Amendment
Volstead Act of 1920 bans the manufacturing
and sale of intoxicating liquor throughout
America.
Major victory for Temperance Movement,
sort of.
Alcohol consumption went up
Volstead Act will be repealed in 1933.
Reasons loopholes, taxes, violence
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Culture and Transportation
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People

• Al Capone became the most notorious gangster in
  American history.
• Henry Ford became one of the most innovative
  inventors of the 1920s with his assembly line.
• Herbert Hoover won over Al Smith, but having
  failed to turn the economy around, he lost in the
  re-election in 1932.

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Events

• The Scopes Monkey Trial happened because a
  teacher was charged for teaching a theory other
  than creation.
• The Sacco and Vanzetti Trial came about when two
  anarchist owners of a print shop were accused of
  being involved with bombings.
• The Stock Market Crash brought the end of the
  twenties with the Great Depression on Black
  Tuesday in 1929.

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Entertainment

• Charlie Chaplin became one of the best comic
  actors of all time.
• Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, made in 1920, became one
  of the best horror films of the twenties.
• From broadcasting world affairs to concerts, the
  radio was one of the most important inventions of
  the 1920s.

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Morality

• There was a drastic change in morality in the
  1920s.
• The Prohibition Act was initiated in the 1920s
  to subdue the wild behavior.
• It instead caused more problems.
• Crime rates rocketed.
• Girls and boys were starting to engage in risqué
  behavior.

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STYLE
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Young ladies cut their hair and became
flappers. They danced the Charleston with
bobbed hair and short skirts. They even went to
the Speakeasies and drank illegal alcohol.
Times Sure Do Change
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Flappers

• Flappers were scantily clad, with an outfit that
  resembled a bathing suit
• They wore their hair in a bob-cut
• They were seen as rebellious and far away from
  the traditional innocent girl
• Very flirtatious and considered sex symbols
• Groups and bills were made to restrict the dress
  and behavior of flappers

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Fashion

• Fashions for men were often based on heroes of
  the moment such as golfers, tennis players and
  swimmers.
• Football players such as Red Grange promoted the
  fashion of coats while many copied Charles
  Lindberghs leather driving jacket.
• The young flappers of the 20s did not want to
  conform to the roles of the typical female.
• Their dresses began to take on a tubular form
  that hung from the shoulders to the hemline.

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Cult of Consumerism
Thorstein Veblin coins term conspicuous
consumption in the 1920s Americans are no
longer buying goods for necessity Automobile
one of the most important industries, the
cost of automobile drops dramatically 1908
Ford Model K 2500 1926 Ford Model T
290. Appliance Sales, Radio Industry, Motion
Picture industries begin to boom. By 1922 3
million American households have had radios
annual sales by 1929 850 million Advertising
takes off and sells the trends to the masses

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The Growth of Consumerism

• The 1920s saw the growth of the culture of
  consumerism--many Americans began to work fewer
  hours, earn higher salaries, invest in the stock
  market, and buy everything from washing machines
  to Model T Fords.

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Automobile Industry

• Annual automobile production rose from 2 million
  during the 1920s to 5.5 million in 1929.
• By the late 1920s, there was one automobile for
  every five Americans.
• Mass Production Assembly Lines were improved
  and became very self-evident.

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Rising Popularity of Cars

• Cost-- The price of automobiles declined steadily
  until the mid-1920s so that many well-paid
  working families could now afford to purchase a
  car.
• Credit-- In 1925, Americans made 75 of all
  automobile purchases on the installment plan.
  
• Possess today and pay tomorrow.

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1920s

• A TIME OF THRILL SEEKING GOOFY FADS
• PEOPLE HAD MORE LEISURE TIME, MORE MONEY, TRENDS
  SPREAD QUICKLY BECAUSE OF THE RISE OF RADIO
  OTHER MASS MEDIA, AND IN WAKE OF WWI WERE READY
  TO HAVE FUN.

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FADS ETC. (cont.)

• ILLEGAL BAR CULTURE
• EXPLOITS OF HARRY HOUDINI, MASTER MAGICIAN
  ESCAPE ARTIST
• FASCINATION W/ SPORTS SPORTS HEROES LIKE BABE
  RUTH, JACK DEMPSEY, JOHNNY WEISSMULLER

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1920s (cont.)

• TIME OF PARTYING MATERIALISTIC WELL BEING, BUT
  ALSO CORRUPTION SPIRITUAL MALAISE.
• NOTE USE OF WORDS DRIFTING REST-LESS IN
  GATSBY, WHICH DESCRIBE RESPONSE TO AND ATTEMPT TO
  COPE W/ MALAISE (AS DOES DRINKING).

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Motion Pictures

• Motion picture production became one of the ten
  largest industries in the United States during
  the 1920s.
• In 1922, theaters sold 40 million tickets a week.
  
• By 1929, that number had grown to 100 million a
  week.

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The Jazz Age

• Jazz originated in New Orleans and was brought to
  northern cities with migrating Black-Americans
  who moved north to get jobs during W.W.I.
• Gave birth to Jazz
• Handy Morton
• Joseph King Oliver
• Was later picked up by Louis Armstrong then by
  white impresarios.

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The Jazz Age
The parties were biggerthe pace was fasterand
the morals were looser F. Scott
Fitzgerald Bad booze and red hot jazz fueled
the frenzied 20s. Jazz music radiated from
over 100,000 speakeasies in New York city by
1925
The big names of 1920s Jazz Louis Satchmo
Armstrong Jelly Roll Morton, Bix Beiderbeck,
Bessie Smith
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The Lost Generation

• These writers, looking for freedom of thought and
  action, changed the face of modern writing. 
  Realistic and rebellious, they wrote what they
  wanted and fought censorship for profanity and
  sexuality.  They incorporated Freudian ideas into
  their characters and styles.
• Some Include
• F. Scott Fitzgerald - The Great Gatsby
• Ernest Hemingway - The Sun Also Rises
  A Farewell to Arms
• Sinclair Lewis Main Street
• William Faulkner - The Sound and the Fury

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And nowto our Author
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The Great Gatsby

• F. Scott Fitzgerald
• Published in 1926
• Events from authors life appear in novel
• Takes place in New York
• Major Themes American Dream, Lives of Excess

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GATSBY (cont.)

• AUTOMOBILE SYMBOL OF SPIRITUAL RESTLESSNESS.
• PEOPLE LINKED W/ CARS--E.G., NICK DRIVES AN OLD
  DODGE, JORDAN BAKER RUINS SOMEONE ELSES CAR THEN
  LIES ABOUT IT, GATSBY DRIVES AN EXQUISITE
  ROADSTER THAT IS AN INSTRUMENT OF HIS DOWNFALL.

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GATSBY (cont.)

• SPORTS
• (JORDAN BAKER, TOM BUCHANAN,
• MEYER WOLFSHEIM)
• VIOLENCE

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GATSBY (cont.)

• NATURAL IN CONFLICT W/ARTIFICIAL WORLD OF SOCIETY
• EMBODIED IN MYRTLES SISTER CATHERINE, WHO PLUCKS
  OFF EYEBROWS ONLY TO PAINT THEM ON AGAIN.

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GATSBY (cont.)

• PRESENT FUTURE VS. THE PAST
• WEST VS. EAST
• INNOCENCE MORALITY VS.
• CORRUPTION IMMORALITY

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The Beginning of What was Thought to be the End

• On October 29, 1929, 16,400,000 shares
  took a downturn for the worse.
• The stock market began to collapse
• Over the next two months, 40 billion dollars
  worth of stock disappeared into thin air.
• The Great Depression soon followed as thousands
  of banks closed their doors.

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