Europe in the Middle Ages

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Chapter 14

• Europe in the Middle Ages
• Lesson 1
• Feudalism and the Manor System
• Lesson 2
• The Church and the Rise of Cities
• Lesson 3
• The Crusades
• Lesson 4
• The Power of Kings
• Name________________
  MOD______

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Section 1
Bell Ringer Name one country in Western Europe

• Objectives
• Find out how land and power were divided under
  Feudalism
• Learn when the Middle Ages were and what they
  were like
• Learn how the manor system worked
• Discover what life qwas like for peasants and
  serfs

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Vocabulary

• Middle Ages
• The years between ancient and modern times
• Medieval
• Referring to the middle ages
• Feudalism
• A system in which land is owned by kings but held
  by vassals in return for their loyalty
• Manor
• A large estate, often including farms and a
  village, ruled by a lord
• Serf
• A farm worker considered part of the manor in
  which he or she worked

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Feudalism and the Manor System

• When was the beginning and the ending of the
  Middle Ages?
• They began about A.D. 500 and they ended about
  A.D. 1500
• 2. What did Charlemagne accomplishment during his
  reign?
• He kept Western Europe united, established
  schools, spread the Christian religion, issued
  money and improved the economy
• 3. Why do you think lords believed it was
  important to give vassals land and to treat them
  well?
• They wanted the vassals to remain loyal and to
  fight for them when necessary

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• 4. Who held the power in the feudal system?
• Those who owned land such as kings, barons and
  princes
• 5. What was life like for Medieval Peasants ?
• Peasants worked hard for most of their lives.
  They lived in one room huts. They slept in
  uncomfortable beds, and ate simple foods

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Section 2

• The Church and the Rise of Cities
• Objectives
• Learn why the Roman Catholic church was so
  powerful during the Middle Ages
• Discover the connection between the increase in
  trade and the growth of towns
• Find out what life was like in a medieval town

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Bell Ringer

• Tall spires reach toward the heavens. Gorgeous
  stained-glassed windows feature rich colors.
  Sculptures and carvings of people, plants, and
  animals seem to be everywhere. Amazing flying
  buttresses - masses of stonework or brickwork
  attached to the walls- help hold the building up.
  What is this building?

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Vocabulary

• Clergy
• People with authority to perform religious
  services
• Excommunication
• Kicking someone out of the church
• Guild
• A medieval organization of craftsmen or trades
  people
• Apprentice
• An unpaid person training in a craft or trade
• Chivalry
• The code of honorable conduct for knights
• Troubadour
• A traveling poet or musician in the middle ages

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Partnerd up 405

1. How was the church organized?
2. How was the church into everyones everyday life?
3. What services did the monasteries and convents
   provide?
4. What is scholasticism and who did the Christian
   scholars decide it was necessary?
5. Why did people finally decide it was safe to
   travel and trade?
6. Why did towns begin to grow?
7. What was town life based on?
8. How did a person work up from an apprentice to be
   part of a guild?
9. How did overcrowding lead to disease?
10. Name and describe several things that shaped
    medieval culture.

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The Church in the Middle Ages

• 1. What gave the church so much political power?
• A combination of its religious power and the
  economic power it obtained from collecting taxes
  and being the largest single land owner in
  Western Europe
• 2. What unique opportunity did covenants offer to
  women?
• The opportunity to have an education
• 3. Why did people begin to travel more in Western
  Europe?
• Feudalism and the Church had stablized the region
  making it a safer place

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Section 3

• The Crusades
• Objectives
• Learn about the cause of the Crusades
• Find out about the different Crusades and what
  they accomplished
• Discover the effects the Crusades had on life in
  Europe

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Vocabulary

• Holy Land
• Jerusalem and parts of the surrounding area where
  Jesus lived and taught
• Crusades
• A series of military expeditions launched by
  Christian Europeans to win the Holy Land back
  from Muslim control
• Jerusalem
• A city in the Holy Land regarded by Christians,
  Muslims and Jews as Holy Land
• Pilgrim
• A person who journeys to a holy place
• What are the Crusades?
• Eight military expeditions started be the church
  to capture the Holy Land

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• 2. How did the Turks attack on the Byzantine
  empire help trigger the Crusades?
• The Byzantine emperor in Constantinople asked for
  Pope Urban II to send knights for help and defend
  against Muslim Turks
• 3. What city in the Holy Land attracted religious
  pilgrims?
• Jerusalem

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Section 4

• The power of Kings
• Objectives
• Learn about the forces that led to nation
  building in Western Europe
• Find out about nation building in England
• Discover how the Hundred years war affected
  England and France

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Bell Ringer

• What might happen if greedy people all want the
  same thing?

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Vocabulary

• Magna Carta
• The great charter that was signed by King John in
  1215. It limited the kings power over the nobles
  
• Model Parliament
• A council of Lords, Clergy and Common People that
  advised the English clergy on government matters
  
• Hundred Years War
• A series of wars between England and France
  1337-1453
• What things do a people of a nation share?
• Territory, government and often language and
  culture
• 2. How do you think the development of nations
  affected the power of a church?
• It probably decreased the Churchs power because
  kings had become powerful enough to challenge the
  church

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• 3. How did King John anger the people of England?
• He taxed people unfairly and jailed people
  unjustly
• 4. How did he anger the church?
• He objected the appointment of the bishop and
  seized Church property

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Bell Ringer

• What are two things that King John did that
  angered the nobles?
• Challenge 7 Do not call out in class- Raise your
  hand

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The Renaissance and Reformation

• Chapter 15
• Lesson 1
• The Renaissance begins
• Lesson 2
• The Renaissance moves North
• Lesson 3
• Martin Luther and the Reformation
• Lesson 4
• Reformation ideas spread
• Objectives

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Bell Ringer

• By just looking at the word Reformation, What do
  you think it might mean?
• What other words are contained inside the word
  Reformation?

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Vocabulary

• Renaissance -
• A widespread change of culture that happened in
  Europe beginning in the 1300s
• Humanism
• An interest in the classics
• How did the wealth and independence of Italian
  city-states encourage cultural changes?
• Wealthy merchants had time to pursue art, reading
  and writing. Artists and writers could work in
  the city-states free from control of kings,
  nobles and the church

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• 2. Why do you think classical works were largely
  ignored during the middle ages?
• The church had great influence in the Middle
  Ages, and it wanted people to turn away from the
  worship of many gods
• 3. What was the main focus of Renaissance visual
  arts?
• Renaissance visual artists focused on nature and
  human form

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Section 2

• The Renaissance moves North
• Objectives
• Understand how the Renaissance spread from Italy
  to the North
• Identify key literary figures and ideas of the
  northern Renaissance
• Identify key artists and artistic ideas of the
  Northern Renaissance

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Vocabulary

• Movable Type-
• Individual letters and marks that can be
  arraigned and rearranged quickly
• How did Gutenberg's printing press contribute to
  the spread of Renaissance ideas?
• Books became more available to more people and
  helped to spread more ideas and information
• 2. In What way did Northern Renaissance thinkers,
  such as Erasmus, apply the ideas of humanism?
• Erasmus and others applied humanism to religious
  teachings

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• 3. Why was the printing press an important tool
  for spreading new ideas during the Renaissance?
• Before the invention of the printing press all
  documents were hand written this took time and
  few copies were created

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Section 3

• Martin Luther and the Reformation
• Objectives
• Understand the developments that led to the
  Reformation
• Learn about Luthers criticism of the church
• Understand the immediate effects of Luthers
  ideas in Europe

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Bell Ringer
Where did the Renaissance start?
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Vocabulary

• Indulgence
• An official pardon of a sin given by the Pope in
  exchange for money
• Salvation
• To go to heaven in religious terms
• Reformation -
• The term used to describe Luthers break with the
  church and the movement it inspired

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• What kind of movement was the Reformation?
• The Reformation was a religious movement
• 2. Who started the movement?
• Martin Luther started the Reformation
• 3. What was the main effect of the Reformation?
• It created a faith that was different that the
  beliefs of the Church

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• 4. Why didnt the church punish Luther?
• Luthers popularity was getting stronger and the
  church was worried about a revolt
• 5.What event marked the success of the
  Reformation?
• The peace of Augsburg

Certificate of Achievement
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Section 4

• Reformation ideas spread
• Objectives
• Learn that Luther was the first of several
  religious reformers
• Identify other religious movements of the 1500s
  in Europe
• Understand how the Catholic Church responded to
  the Reformation

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Bell Ringer

• Who was Martin Luther and what did he do?

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Vocabulary

• Protestant
• Refers to the Christian groups that separated
  from the Catholic church
• What belief did Calvin share with Luther?
• They both believed that faith alone would win
  salvation
• 2. What was the function of the Jesuits?
• The Jesuits worked to educate people and spread
  the Christian faith