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Chapter Nineteen

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Gardner's Art through the Ages, Concise Edition by Fred Kleiner Chapter Nineteen The Americas Prepared by Kelly Donahue-Wallace Randal Wallace University of North Texas – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter Nineteen


1
Chapter Nineteen
Gardner's Art through the Ages, Concise Edition
by Fred Kleiner
  • The Americas

Prepared by Kelly Donahue-Wallace Randal
Wallace University of North Texas
2
Mesoamerica
  • Dates and Places
  • 1500BCE to 1521CE
  • Mexico and Central America
  • People
  • Polytheistic
  • Complex states
  • Agriculture

Temple of Quetzalcoatl, Teotihuacan, third
century CE. Fig. 19-3.
3
Mesoamerica
  • Themes
  • Gods
  • Rulers
  • Offerings
  • Forms
  • Conceptual
  • Appearance varies by culture

Chacmool, Maya, Chichén Itzá, ca. 800900 CE.
Fig. 19-10.
4
Mesoamerica
  • Example
  • Olmec
  • Colossal heads of rulers
  • Basalt stone
  • Powerful images
  • Face out from plaza

Colossal head, Olmec, 900400 BCE. Fig. 19-2.
5
Mesoamerica
  • Example
  • Teotihuacan culture
  • Place of the gods
  • Densely populated city
  • Avenue of the Dead
  • Temple of the Sun, Pyramid of the Moon, Temple of
    Quetzalcoatl, Citadel

Teotihuacan, 50200 CE. Fig. 19-1.
6
Mesoamerica
  • Example
  • Maya culture
  • Ruler portrait in ritual dress
  • Stele placed in public plaza
  • Sacred precinct
  • Name and date in hieroglyphic writing

Stele D, Ruler 13 (Waxaklajuun- Ubaah-Kawiil),
Maya, 736 CE. Fig. 19-4.
7
Mesoamerica
  • Example
  • Maya culture
  • Mesoamerican ball game
  • Ritual purpose of game, mythology
  • Lifelike, descriptive figure
  • Wears ball player garb

Ball player, Maya, 700900 CE. Fig. 19-6.
8
Mesoamerica
  • Example
  • Aztec culture
  • Capital of empire
  • Two temples atop pyramid
  • Superimposed on earlier pyramids
  • In sacred precinct

Great Temple, Aztec, Tenochtitlán, Mexico, ca.
14001500. Fig. 19-12.
9
Mesoamerica
  • Example
  • Aztec culture
  • Colossal relief sculpture at foot of pyramid
  • Moon goddess killed by god Huitzilopochtli
  • Political message related to sacrifice on pyramid

Coyolxauhqui, Aztec, ca. 1469. Fig. 19-13.
10
South America
  • Dates and Places
  • 400BCE to 1532CE
  • Peru, Colombia
  • People
  • Polytheistic
  • Complex societies
  • Agricultural

Embroidered funerary mantle, Paracas, first
century CE. Fig. 19-15.
11
South America
  • Themes
  • Gods
  • Portraits
  • Offerings
  • Forms
  • Conceptual and optical approaches
  • Varies by culture

Machu Picchu, Inka, Peru, 15th century. Fig.
19-18.
12
South America
  • Example
  • Paracas culture
  • Mantle to wrap the dead
  • Cotton embroidered with alpaca, vicuña
  • Real and mythical animal motifs
  • Human figures

Embroidered funerary mantle, Paracas, first
century CE. Fig. 19-15.
13
South America
  • Example
  • Nasca culture
  • Gigantic lines
  • Scored onto earth
  • Defies human perception from ground
  • Animals, geometry
  • Pilgrimage routes?

Hummingbird, Nasca Plain, ca.500 CE. Fig. 19-16.
14
South America
  • Example
  • Moche culture
  • Painted portrait vessels
  • Illustrate Moche life
  • Stirrup spout
  • Created with molds
  • Portrait?

Vessel in the shape of a portrait head, Moche,
fifth to sixth century CE. Fig. 19-17.
15
South America
  • Example
  • Inka culture
  • Mountaintop city
  • Known for masonry with dressed stones, no mortar
  • Organized around plaza
  • Windows and doors frame vistas

Machu Picchu, Inka, Peru, 15th century. Fig.
19-18.
16
North America
  • Dates and Places
  • First century CE to present
  • USA, Canada
  • People
  • Polytheistic
  • Complex societies
  • Sedentary and nomadic
  • Agriculture and hunting

MARÍA MONTOYA MARTÍNEZ, jar, ca. 1939. Fig. 19-23.
17
North America
  • Themes
  • Gods
  • Offerings
  • Utilitarian objects
  • Nature/environment
  • Forms
  • Conceptual
  • Forms vary by culture

Kiva mural, Ancestral Puebloan, late 15th to
early 16th century. Fig. 19-21.
18
North America
  • Example
  • Mississippian culture
  • Effigy mound
  • Snake associated with crops and fertility
  • Path of the comet?

Serpent Mound, ca. 1070. Fig. 19-19.
19
North America
  • Example
  • Ancestral Puebloan culture
  • US Southwest
  • Cliff dwellings above valley
  • Adobe construction
  • Protection from elements

Cliff Palace, Ancestral Puebloan, ca. 11501300.
Fig. 19-20.
20
North America
  • Example
  • Ancestral Puebloan Culture
  • Kiva is spiritual in pueblo complex
  • Images associated with agricultural fertility
  • Lightning man, fish, eagles, seed, rainbow

Kiva mural, Ancestral Puebloan, late 15th to
early 16th century. Fig. 19-21.
21
North America
  • Example
  • Hopi culture
  • Katsina is supernatural spirit
  • Personifies natural elements
  • Dolls given to girls
  • Rain-bringing deity, geometric design water

OTTO PENTEWA, katsina figurine, Hopi, carved
before 1959. Fig. 19-22.
22
North America
  • Example
  • Kwakiutl culture
  • Northwest coast
  • Masks for rituals
  • Mask with moving parts for ritual
  • Transformative power

Eagle transformation mask, Kwakiutl, late 19th
century. Fig. 19-24.
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