Macromolecule Notes

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Macromolecule Notes

• Biology Per.2

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Proteins

• Enzyme most important protein
• Structural roles
• Cartilage, bones, tendons.
• Contain collagen
• Amino Acids the building block of amino acids
  Small molecule that has a central carbon with an
  amino group, carboxyl group, a hydrogen and
  functional group are attached.
• 20 kinds of AA
• 4 general groups of AA

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Protein

• Proteins unfold when temperatures get to high
  this is called
• Protein Denaturation when a change in the
  environment causes a protein to lose its shape,
  making them inactive.
• Protein Structure Levels
• 1sequence of aa
• 2the twisting of the aa chain
• 3foldign of the aa chain over itself
• 4wrapping of the folded aa chain around itself
  again

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Protein

• Chaperone Proteins
• These protein found in normal cells help new
  proteins fold correctly.
• At different temps they help old proteins
  re-fold.
• Diseases can be caused by proteins folding
  incorrectly.

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Carbohydrates

• Organic Compounds have Carbon, hydrogen, and
  Oxygen
• Key source of energy
• Found in most foods
• Made up of simple sugars called monosaccharide's
  (glucose, fructose)
• Polysaccharides are complex carbs. (many
  monosaccharide's bonded together)

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Nucleic Acids

• Composed of many nucleotides
• Each nucleotide has 3 parts
• Sugar, base, and phosphate group.
• Bases can be adenine, thymine, guanine or
  cytosine
• DNA consists of 2 strands of nucleotides that
  spiral around each other
• RNA has only a single strand on nucleotides

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Lipids

• Lipids Nonpolar molecules that are not soluble
  (cant dissolve in water)
• Examples phospholipids, steroids, waxes, pigment
  in plants
• Lipids store a lot of energy as fatty acids