Thursday, September 20th

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Thursday, September 20th

• QUIZ TODAY!!!
• Atoms, Ions, Isotopes, pH,
• Water Properties, Bonding

Look over your notes!!
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Thursday, September 20th

• Do Now
• Identify the building blocks in the structures
  below.

C
A
B
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Macromolecules
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Organic Compounds

• Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic.
• This is different from organic foods in the
  grocery store.
• Compounds that do not contain CARBON are called
  inorganic.

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Practice

• Which compounds are considered organic?
• CH4
• H2O
• C6H12O6
• AgNO3

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More on Organic Compounds

• May exist in different forms (isomers)
• Same formula, different structure
• Carbon backbone (skeleton) can be linear, cyclic,
  or branched
• Contain functional groups
• Held together by covalent bonds

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Isomers
Carbon Backbone
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Functional Groups
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Carbon (C)

• Carbon has 4 outer electrons
• Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4
  other atoms (elements).
• Usually with C, H, O or N.
• Example CH4(methane)

Carbon Video
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Organic Compounds

• Macromolecules are large organic molecules.
• Bio-molecules are the macromolecules of life

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Macromolecules
Video!

• Large organic molecules.
• Also called POLYMERS. (poly many)
• Made up of smaller building blocks called
  MONOMERS. (mono one)
• 4 Major Macromolecules/Bio-molecules
• 1. Carbohydrates
• 2. Lipids
• 3. Proteins
• 4. Nucleic acids

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Friday, September 21st

• Get out your notes on macromolecules from
  yesterday!

ALL make-up work and quizzes are due next
Friday!! After next Friday, all zeros are
permanent!! Quizzes should be made up before or
after school. If you need another copy of
something, look in the make-up work folder first,
then fill out a pink form.
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Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates

• Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 121
  ratio.
• Building Block
• monosaccharide
• Types of Carbs
• A. monosaccharide
• B. disaccharide
• C. polysaccharide

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Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharide one sugar unit
• aka simple sugars
• Examples glucose (C6H12O6)
• deoxyribose
• ribose
• Fructose
• Galactose

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Carbohydrates

• Disaccharide two sugar units
• Examples
• Sucrose (glucose fructose)
• Lactose (glucose galactose)
• Maltose (glucose glucose)

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Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharide many sugar units
• Examples starch (bread, potatoes)
• glycogen (beef muscle)
• cellulose (lettuce, corn)

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Carbohydrates

• Starches serves as plant energy storage (think
  potatoes)
• Glucose monomers joined together, branched
• Glycogen serves as animal energy storage
• Glucose monomers joined together, straight
• Cellulose structural component in plants
• Cannot be broken down by humans

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Carbohydrates
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Functions of Carbohydrates

• Broken down as a source of energy
• Part of cell structure

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Test for Carbohydrates

• Simple Sugars Benedicts Solution
• Turns from blue to orange/yellow in simple sugar
  solutions
• Starch Iodine
• Turns from brown to black in starch solutions

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Monday, September 24th

• Short quiz today over carbohydrates and
  characteristics of organic molecules!!
• All make-up work due Friday!
• If you turned in a pink request form, your work
  is on the front table.

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Proteins
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Proteins (Polypeptides)
Monomer Amino Acids
Elements Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur
Linked together by many peptide bonds
(polypeptide!)
20 Amino Acids! (your body makes 11)
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Proteins (Polypeptides)

• Amino Acids
• Made of carbon bonded to a carboxyl group (-), an
  amine group (), a hydrogen, and an R-group.
• Variation between amino acids comes from
  different R-groups.

R Group Functional Group
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(No Transcript)
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Amine Group
Carboxyl Group
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Proteins (Polypeptides)

• Six functions and examples of proteins
• 1. Storage albumin (egg white)
• 2. Transport hemoglobin (blood)
• 3. Regulatory hormones
• 4. Movement muscles
• 5. Structural membranes, hair, nails
• 6. Enzymes cellular reactions

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Protein Primary Structure

• Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds
  (straight chains)

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Protein Indicator Test

• Biurets Test
• Turns purple in the presence of protein

Protein solution
Water (control)
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More on Enzymes
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Wednesday, September 26th

• Blue Table of Contents
• Chemistry Vocabulary
• Basic Atomic Structure Worksheet and Atom Notes
• Periodic Table
• Atom Chart w/ neutral, ions, and isotopes
• Bonding and Water Notes
• pH Notes
• pH Lab and Worksheet
• H2Olympics
• Macromolecule Notes
• Enzyme Notes
• Macromolecule Worksheets
• Macromolecule Lab

Fill in your table of contents and organize
papers.
ALL make-up and missing work due FRIDAY!!
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Todays Agenda

• Finish Enzyme Notes
• Lipid and Nucleic Acid Notes
• Begin Review
• LAB TOMORROW!!
• TEST FRIDAY!!

ALL macromolecule worksheets due tomorrow!
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Lipids
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LIPIDS
BUILDING BLOCK FATTY ACIDS AND
GLYCEROL ELEMENTS C H O (NO
RATIO but there will be more Cs and Hs)
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FATTY ACID AND GLYCEROL
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Lipids

• General term for compounds which are not soluble
  in water. (non-polar)
• LIPIDS ARE SOLUBLE IN NONPOLAR SUBSTANCES----DO
  NOT DISSOLVE IN POLAR SUBSTANCES (ex OIL/WATER)
• Lipids are soluble in hydrophobic solvents.
  (phobicfear, hydrowater)

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Examples of LIPIDS

• 1. Fats
• 2. Phospholipids
• 3. Oils
• 4. Waxes 5. Steroid/ Hormones 6.
  Triglycerides

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Lipids

• Six functions of lipids
• 1. Long term energy storage
• 2. Protection against heat loss (insulation)
• 3. Protection against water loss
• 4. Chemical messengers (hormones)
• 5. Major component of membranes (phospholipids)

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Lipids

• Triglyceridescomposed of 1 glycerol and 3
  fatty acids.

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Fatty Acids
Video!

• There are two kinds of fatty acids (carbon
  chains) you may see on food labels
• 1. Saturated fatty acids no double bonds (bad)
• 2. Unsaturated fatty acids double bonds (good)

Solid fats!
Liquid oils!
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Indicator Test

• Paper Bag Test
• Lipids leave a translucent stain

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Nucleic Acids
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Nucleic Acids
Building Block Nucleotides ELEMENTS C H
O N P
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Nucleic acids

• Nucleotides include
• phosphate group
• sugar
• DNA deoxyribose
• RNA ribose
• nitrogenous bases

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Nucleotide

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Nucleic acids

• Two types
• a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA- double
  helix)
• stores genetic information
• b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single
  strand)
• builds proteins

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DNA - double helix
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Vocabulary

• Lipid
• Fatty acid
• Glycerol
• Glyceride
• Protein
• Amino acid
• Dipeptide
• Polypeptide
• Nucleic acid
• Nucleotide

• Organic
• Inorganic
• Building block
• Monomer
• Polymer
• Carbohydrate
• Monosaccharide
• Disaccharide
• Polysaccharide