The Immune System

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The Immune System
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Objectives

• SWBAT describe and interpret the function of the
  immune system and its major cells including
  macrophages, antibodies, T-cells, etc.

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Celiac Disease

• Immune Reaction to gluten (protein in wheat,
  barley, and rye)
• Gluten triggers an immune response in the small
  intestine
• This produces inflammation and damages the small
  intestine lining which leads to ____________
• Treatment
• Strict non-gluten diet

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What does the immune system do?

• Fight off infection by keeping foreign (not
  suppose to be there) cells OUTSIDE the body and
  by making cells that kill those bad cells if they
  get in.

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2 Types of Defenses

• Nonspecific guards against everything equally
  does not pick and choose
• Specific targets individual (one type of)
  invaders

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Nonspecific Defenses 1st Line

• Skin, mucus, sweat, tears
• Skin is the most important nonspecific defense
• Keep pathogens (organisms that can infect)
  outside
• How? Enzymes and acid in secretions kill bacteria

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Nonspecific Defenses 2nd Line

• Pathogens that enter release toxins causing
  inflammatory response
• Your body makes millions of white blood cells to
  fight the intruder
• Body raises temperature to kill pathogens (fever)

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Review

• Pathogen tries to invade your cell- what does it
  encounter?
• Compare this to a line of defense for a sport.

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Specific Defenses

• Specific attacks are triggered by antigens
• Antigen foreign substance such as virus,
  bacteria, or other pathogen (intruder)
• Our bodies have a few specific attackers
• B cells
• T cells

T Cell Killing Cancer
B Cell
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Specific Defense Humoral Immunity (B Cells)

• B cells recognize antigens
• B cells make antibodies
• Antibodies recognize and bind (connect) to
  antigens to kill/inactivate them
• Memory B cells also made to help fight off future
  invasions faster

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Specific Defense Cell-mediated immunity
The Last Line

• If the pathogen gets by all other defenses and
  into the cell, this is how to solve the problem
• Killer T cells track down and destroy cells with
  antigens inside
• Memory T cells are made to recognize antigen if
  it invades again

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Review

• A pathogen breaks through your skin. What does it
  encounter?
• Compare this to a sport.

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Check For Understanding

• Does your skin choose which pathogens to protect
  you from?
• So skin is an example of a ______________ immune
  defense

nonspecific

• Any Killer T cell can kill any cells infected by
  a pathogen (bad invader)
• Once your body makes more antibodies to the flu,
  you have the antibodies to fight all viruses.

True or False
True or False
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Cartoon

• YOU (individually) will turn in a cartoon
  depicting the different types of cells in your
  immune system.
• Half Specific other half of the room
  non-specific
• End of class- share with a neighbor
• Ms. Lin will show an example.
• Anything unfinished will be homework.

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Scenario 1 Non-specific

• Its Monday. The teacher has moved your seat. Your
  new neighbor smells like he hasnt showered in
  weeks. In the middle of lecture your neighbor
  falls asleep and unfortunately, his body slumps
  over onto yours. His drool and snot gets all over
  your arm.
• Describe your bodys first line of defense in a
  comic book style format. Include pictures and
  descriptions.

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Scenario 2 Specific

• Its Tuesday. Thanks to your first line of defense
  you have survived David the Drooler. But,
  unfortunately for you, Melvin was absent the day
  his kindergarten teacher discussed not walking
  around with scissors. During an activity Melvin
  trips over someones soccer equipment bag and
  stabs you right in the arm with a pair of
  scissors! Oh no! The scissors are loaded with
  germs! The germs have clearly gotten past your
  first line of defense. Describe your bodys
  second line of defense in a comic book style
  format. Include pictures and descriptions.