SPECIFIC BODY DEFENSES: The Lymphatic and Immune System

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SPECIFIC BODY DEFENSES The Lymphatic and Immune
System
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I. Basics

• A.  Functions
•   1.   Absorption and return of excess
  fluid the blood stream
•   2.  Absorption of fat (in the villi of the
  small intestine)
• 3.   Immune System Function

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I. Lymphatic System Basics

• B. Composed of
• 1. Lymph interstitial fluid
• 2. Lymph vessels
• a.  Closely associated with circulatory
  system
• b.  Similar to veins
• c.  Contraction of skeletal mscl causes
  movement of lymph fluid through valves

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I. Basics

• B. Composed of
• 3. Lymph Organs
• a. Lymph nodes
• Areas of Concentrated lymphocytes and macrophages
  along the lymphatic vessels
• Filter lymph

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I. Basics

• B. Composed of
• 3. Lymph Organs
• b. Bone Marrow produces
• lymphocytes
• c. Spleen Serves as
• Blood reservoir
• Purifies blood and lymph

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I. Basics

• B. Composed of
• 3. Lymph Organs
• c.  Thymus
• causes pre-T cells to mature to T-cells
• d.  Tonsils
• e.  Pyers Patches

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II. Immune Response

• A. Basics
• 1. The body's 3rd line of defense
• 2. Amplifies inflammatory response
• B. Important Aspects
• 1. Antigen specific
• 2. Systemic
• 3. Has memory

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II. Immune Response

• C. Kinds of Immune Response
• 1. Specific Immunity
• a. Antibodies bind only to antigen
• b. B-lymphocytes antibody prod.
• c. T-lymphocytes produce
  lymphokines
• 2.  Nonspecific Defense
• a. Physical barriers
• b. Tears
• c. Phagocytes
• d. Fever / Inflammation

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D. Kinds of Immune Response

• 1. Humoral Immunity
• a. Provided by antibodies in the bodies
  humors (fluids)
• b. Antibodies.
• 1)    Are produced by lymphocytes
• 2)    Circulate freely in the blood and lymph
• 3) Bind primarily to bacteria, toxins,
  free viruses
• inactivates marks for destruction

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D. Kinds of Immune Response

• 2. Cell Mediated Immunity
• a. Provided by nonantibody- producing
  lymphocytes
• b. Directly attack and lyse body cells.
• 1)    containing viruses or parasite
• 2)    Cancer cells
• 3) Foreign grafts
• c. Release chemical mediators
• 1)   enhances inflammatory resp.
• 2)   Help activate lymphocytes or macrophages

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III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

• B. Natural Killer Cells
• 1. Similar to the killer T cell
• 2. Function as effector cells that directly
  kill certain tumors and viral-infected cells
• 3. kill their targets without a prior
  "conference" in the lymphoid organs.
• 4.  More efficient if 1st activated by T-cells

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III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

• C. B Cells
• 1. production of antibodies
• 2.  Antibody production and binding to a
  foreign substance or antigen, often is critical
  as a means of signaling other cells to engulf,
  kill or remove that substance from the body

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III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

• D. Granulocytes or Polymorphonuclear
  (PMN) Leukocytes
• 1. neutrophils
• 2.  Important in the removal of bacteria and
  parasites

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III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

• E. Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
• 1. regulate immune responses
• 2.  antigen-presenting cells (APC)
• 3. Functions
• Phagocytes
• Secretion of cytokines
• Antigen presentation

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III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

• F. Dendritic Cells
• 1. antigen-presenting cells
• 2. More efficient APC than macrophages
• 3. capture antigen or bring it to the lymphoid
  organs where an 4. bind high amount of HIV, and
  may be a reservoir of virus

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III. OTHER

• A. Active, Passive and Acquired Immunity
  
• 1. Active Immunity
• achieved by responses of ones immune
  system
• 2. Passive Immunity
• achieved with exogenous immune cells or
  products

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III. OTHER

• A. Active, Passive and Acquired
  Immunity
• 3. Acquired Immunity
• comes from infection or from a new borns
  mothe 4. Artificial Immunity
• comes from immunizations

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III. OTHER

• C. Autoimmune diseases
• 1. diseases caused by failure of the immune
  system to recognize self
• 2. Examples
• a.    rheumatoid arthritis (joints)
• b.    lupus erythematosus (connective
  tissue)
• c.     Graves disease (thyroid)

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III. OTHER

• D. AIDS - Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  
• 1. Causes death
• 2.    Caused by Human Immunodeficiency
  Virus (HIV)
• 3. kills T-4 lymphocytes
• 4. T-4 lymphocytes induce
• B-lymphocytes to fight infection
• 5. Debilitated immune system

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III. OTHER

• D. AIDS - Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  
• 6. no cure for HIV
• 7. HIV infection causes AIDS, and AIDS
  allows other infections to kill the person
  with the HIV infection

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D. Kinds of Immune Response

• 2. Cell Mediated Immunity
• a. Provided by nonantibody- producing
  lymphocytes
• b. Directly attack and lyse body cells.
• 1)    containing viruses or parasite
• 2)    Cancer cells
• 3) Foreign grafts
• c. Release chemical mediators
• 1)   enhances inflammatory resp.
• 2)   Help activate lymphocytes or macrophages