Immune System

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Immune System
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31.1 Infectious Diseases

• Define
• Pathogen-disease causing organisms
• Ex bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi, worms
• Infectious disease-diseases caused by pathogens
• List Methods of Transmission physical contact,
  airborne, contaminated food/water, sexual
  contact, and/or animals
• What is the Germ Theory of Disease?
• -infectious disease is caused by pathogens that
  can spread the disease from one organism to
  another

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31.2 Human Defenses

• 2nd LOD Internal nonspecific Defenses
• White Blood Cells
• Flows through blood stream
• Some eat the pathogens, and when they are inside,
  white blood cells use an enzyme to kill it
• Others poke holes in the infected cells
  membranes, killing the cells
• Inflammatory Response
• When a barrier is broken, a mast cell releases
  histamine
• Histamine causes nearby blood vessels to expand
  allowing more blood to go to the area
• This is why a mosquito bite swells
• Specialized proteins- theyre like special ops
• Interferon's are proteins that stop the viruses
  form reproducing. Often a cell is infected,
  produces an interferon, and dies, but passes it
  on to nearby healthy cells. Useful against common
  flus.

• 1st LOD physical and chemical barriers
• Called nonspecific defense
• Traps most of the invaders
• Examples are sweat glands, skin, hair, mucus
  membranes, saliva, and tears
• When trapped in mucus, pathogens can be
  swallowed and destroyed through digestion

• 3rd LOD Targeted Defense
• The actual immune system
• Can recognize and destroy specific pathogens

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31.3 immune system

• Immunity- your body is resistant to the pathogen
  that causes a specific disease
• Antigens- a large molecule that provokes an
  immune response
• Antibodies- proteins found on the surface of
  white blood cells that attach to particular
  antigens

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Recognizing the invaders (31.3)
The most common antibodies are Y-shaped
molecules. At the tip of each arm of the Y is an
antigen-binding site. The shape of this binding
site makes it possible for the antibody to
recognize a specific antigen with a complementary
shape. There is a huge variety of 3D shapes of
antigen-binding sites. This variety gives
antibodies the ability to recognize an equally
large variety of antigens.
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31.4 Vaccines

• Vocab
• Vaccines A dose of a pathogen or part of a
  pathogen that has been disabled or destroyed so
  it is no longer harmful
• Active Immunity- When the body produces
  antibodies against an infection
• Passive Immunity- When your body receives
  antibodies from an outside source
• Process of Vaccination A harmless dose of a
  pathogen is injected into the patient so that the
  body can develop an immunity.

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31.5 Disorders of the I.Sys.

• Allergies-An allergy is an abnormal
  over-sensitivity to an otherwise non-harmful
  antigen, called an allergen. Symptoms include
  runny nose, watery eyes and sneezing
• Autoimmune Disease - In some individuals, the
  immune system cannot always distiguish between
  self and non-self. In such cases, the immune
  system turns against some of the body's own
  molecules, resulting in an autoimmune disease.
  Examples of autoimmune diseases include lupus,
  rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.
• Aids/HIV-AIDS stands for acquired immune
  deficiency syndrome. A virus called HIV, or human
  immunodeficiency virus, causes AIDS. More than 40
  million people are now infected with the AIDS
  virus, HIV. HIV is deadly because it destroys the
  immune system, leaving the body unable to defend
  itself against pathogens and certain cancers. HIV
  infects a variety of immune system cells,
  especially helper T cells. When HIV destroys the
  body's helper T cells, the immune system cannot
  activate other T cells or B cells. Death usually
  occurs from another infection, such as pneumonia,
  or from certain types of cancer.

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Locate Diagrams that help you understand the
Immune System
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Current event on the Swine Flu

• It is different from the normal flu because it
  originates from different sources and the
  symptoms are more severe.
• It is dangerous because we do no not have a cure
  for it yet.
• It compares to the historical flu pandemic a lot.
  It is a lot like it but more severe.

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10 study questions for the Immune System

• What is the germ theory of disease?
• What is one way that infectious diseases are
  spread?
• Name the three lines of defense your body has.
• What is an autoimmune disease?
• What is a vaccine?
• What is Humoral immunity?
• What is cell-mediated immunity?
• What is active immunity?
• What is passive immunity?
• Name one autoimmune disease.

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Answers

• States that infectious disease is caused by
  pathogens that can spread the disease from one
  organism to another organism.
• Spread when pathogens in the air are inhaled.
  Other diseases are spread by contact.
• Skin, white blood cells, inflammatory response,
  and specialized proteins, the immune system
• A condition in which the immune system attacks
  some of the bodys own molecules.
• A dose of a pathogen or part of a pathogen that
  has been disabled or destroyed so it is no longer
  harmful.
• Specific immunity provided by B cells that
  produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids
• It involves T cells attacking body cells that are
  infected with a pathogen.
• The body produces antibodies against infection.
• The body receives antibodies for a particular
  disease from another source.
• HIV/AIDs