Chapter 4 Section 5

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Chapter 4 Section 5

• Southeast Asia

Amanda York Nina Humphrey
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Southeast Asia is.

• A place where different cultures have coexisted
  since the days of the Roman Empire.
• Dominant influences India and China and adapted
  art from these influences
• Coastal areas were Indianized in the first
  century.
• Hindu and Buddhist rulers developed a government
  called cult of the god-king.
• The king thought himself to be much like a Hindu
  god.
• The king was the main model for society.
• Climate is thick with forest, mountains and
  tropical heat.
• Home to widely diverse people.
• People speak over 250 dialects and languages.

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Countries and ArtReview Question 3

• List seven countries in Southeast Asia and a type
  of art created in each area.
• Cambodia- Khmer Art
• Laos- Religious Buddhist architecture.
• Thailand- Thai potters created cealadon glazes.
• Vietnam- Bronze weaponry, bronze utensils and
  royal objects
• Malaysia- Produced distinctive mosques
• Indonesia- Cosmic Mountain, Borobudur
• Java- Buddhist architecture

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Dominating religion Buddhism

• Intermixed with Hindu traditions.
• All images had a strictly Cambodian facial
  features.
• Ex. (fig. 4-54) Buddha Enthrone, 10th century.
  Khmer. Bronze. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth,
  Texas.
• Here Buddha is placed with a creature in which
  devours and reproduces time
• Buddhist Influence affects mostly area of Burma,
  Thailand.
• Declined in Java with the fall of the Shailendras
  in 856.
• Dominated the cultures of Burma, Sri Lanka,
  Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam.
• Chedis is a Buddhist Stupa

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Thailand

• -Buddha is one of the most popular icons
• 12th century-art and architecture was a high
  point.
• The first Thai Kingdom originated in the late
  1200s at Sukothai.
• Architecture and sculpture ideas came from the
  Khmers and the Dvaravati kingdom.
• Large artwork of Buddha formed with clay, brick,
  and stucco and then covered with gold leaf.
• Thai potters created cealadon glaes.
• The covered box, (4-56) is an example of the
  designs and taste of the traditions of the Thais.
• Bangkok was Thai capital in 1782.
• Architecture blended Asian and European
  influences from western nations.
• The Royal Palace is a European influence.

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Thailand Timeline

• C.550 AD-700 ADDvaravati Period
• C.700 AD-100 ADHindu-Javanese Style
• 1022 AD-1250 ADCambodian
• 1250 AD-1378 ADDominance, Sukhotia Period
• 1378 AD-1767 ADAyuthia Period

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Thailand stoneware

• Background covered box. Sawankhaloke kilns,
  Thailand, 14-15 centuries
• Bottom Corner Thailand stoneware, 15-16
  centuries

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Review Question 4

• How does the Royal Palace in Bangkok combine the
  architecture of Thailand and the West?
• Ideas about architecture and sculpture came from
  the Khmers and remnants of the Dvaravati Kingdom.
• The Palace shows a European influence in the
  base, arches, columns and windows. The roof is
  distinctively Thai.

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Cambodia

• Khmer empire was during the 800s.
• The greatest empire was during 12 13th century
  in now what is called Cambodia.
• Each Khmer ruler made his own national temple
  called a wat.
• Wats portray divine images of the ruler and then
  later served their mausoleums (tomb).
• Wats reflect Hindu influence in tall stone towers
  mounted with sculptures of local religious
  heroes.
• Examples of god-king temples
• Angkor Wat (fig. 4-52) built in 1150- Dedicated
  to Vishnu
• Tower Of Bayon, Angkor Thom, 12-13th centuries,
  Cambodia
• Features the head of King Jayavarman VII (fig.
  4-53)

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Angkor Wat Cambodia

• Located in northeast Cambodia
• capital of the Khmer (Cambodian) empire from the
  9th to the 15th century AD in the period of the
  classic ear of Cambodia history

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Cambodia Timeline

• C. 550 BC-150 BC Bronze age
• C. 150 BC-600 AD Dong Son Culture Funan (Bronze)
• 600 AD -802 AD Early Khmer Style Chen-la
• 802 AD-897 AD Koulen
• 877 AD-1002 AD First Angkor Period
• 1002 AD-1201 AD Second Angkor Period
• 1201 AD-1437 AD Siamese Dominance Sack of Angkor

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Tower of Bayon Temple

• Built in the late 12th century to early 13th
• Built of sandstone
• Detraction possible due to rain, plants, and
  settlements

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Review Question 1

• In what modern country was the Khmer empire
  located? Why did each Khmer ruler construct a
  wat?
• -Cambodia
• -Each Khmer ruler constructed a wat to perpetuate
  themselves and their power and also served as a
  tomb for when they die.

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Indonesia

• Made up of five main islands
• Buddhism reached political height with the
  Shailendia Kingdom in the 9th century.
• 7 wonders of the ancient world in the artificial
  cosmic-mountain known as Borodudor.
• Borobudor
• Bass relief carvings, symbolically represent the
  cosmos
• The low levels represent hell and eternal
  punishment. The images are very grotesque.
• The next five layers represent humanitys
  adventures
• Sculptures show body proportions, and movement of
  figures.

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Buddha Enthroned
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Borobudur

• A giant Buddhist monument constructed in the 9th
  century AD
• Located in Indonesia
• There is a Buddha in each of the wells at
  Borobudur that is guarded by bells

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Review Question 2

• Describe Borobudur in Java. Why did the
  Shailendras cover the lower levels of this stupa
  with dirt ramparts?
• - Borobudor
• Bass relief carvings, symbolically represent the
  cosmos
• The low levels represent hell and eternal
  punishment. The images are very grotesque.
  Thats why they covered them.
• The next five layers represent humanitys
  adventures
• Sculptures show body proportions, and movement of
  figures.

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Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia

• Vietnam became independent from China, then the
  Chinese influence carried over to Laos which
  resulted in Buddhist architecture.
• Thail and Lao traditions
• Wat Xieng Thong is an example of culture blends.
• In 9th and 15th centuries Islam spread in
  Malaysia and Indonesia
• Mosques were produces
• Bronze weaponry, bronze utensils and royal
  objects.
• Musicans played the gamelon drums, wooden
  instruments and gongs all made with geometric
  abstract patterns.
• Portuguese, Dutch and British settlers arrived in
  Southeast Asia in 16th century.
• Incorporated western ideas into art and
  architecture.
• British and Dutch funded support for local
  sultans
• As a result, they devoted much time reviving
  traditional art.

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Wat Xieng Thong

• Location Prabang, Laos
• Name means Temple of the Golden City
• Build c. 1560 by King Setthathirat

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Review Question 5

• What is an Indonesian batik? How is it made?
• Artists produced bronze weaponry and printed
  fabrics. These fabrics are called batik and made
  from wax stencil dyeing processes.

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Review Question 6

• Describe the instruments found in an Indonesian
  gamelon.
• Instruments found in Indonesia are An orchestra
  of drums, wooden wind instruments and sets of
  bronze gongs. All highly ornamented with
  geometric and curvilinear abstract patterns.