Section Two: The Greek City-States

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Section Two The Greek City-States
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Section 2 Objectives

• Define city-state tell how the city-state of
  Sparta Athens differed

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I. The Polis Center of Greek Life

• By 750 B.C., the polis (city-state) became the
  central focus of Greek life
• It was a town, city or village serving as a
  center where people met for political, economic,
  social religious activities

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The Polis Center of Greek Life

• The main gathering place was usually on a hill,
  topped with a fortified area called the
  acropolis
• Below was the agora, an open area for people to
  assemble for a market

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Acropolis
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Acropolis
Agora
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The Polis Center of Greek Life

• Athens was the largest city-state
• Polis was a community of people who shared an
  identity goals

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The Polis Center of Greek Life

• Three classes1. citizens with political rights
  (adult males)2. citizens without political
  rights (women children)3. noncitizens (slaves
  resident aliens)

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The Polis Center of Greek Life

• Responsibilities accompanied rights
• Loyalty made the city-states fiercely patriotic
  distrustful of one another
• Helped bring Greece to ruin

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The Polis Center of Greek Life

• Military system based on hoplites
• Infantry who carried shield, sword spear
• The fought shoulder to shoulder in a phalanx
  formation

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phalanx formation
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Spartan HoplitePhalanx
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II. Greek Colonies

• 750 550 B.C. many Greeks settled distant lands
• Trade good farmland
• Cities of Hellespont, Bosporus Byzantium

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Greek Colonies

• Exports Pottery, wine olive oil
• Imports lumber, grain slaves
• New wealthy class of merchants

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III. Tyranny in the City-states

• New wealth led to the rise of tyrants
• Greek tyrants were rulers who seized power by
  force from the aristocrats
• Oppressive rules
• Aristocrats oppressed them, peasants supported
  them

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Tyranny in the City-states

• Seized kept power by using hired soldiers
• Built new walls temples
• Fall out of favor by the 6th century B.C.

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Government in the City-states

• Democracy ruled by the many
• Other city-states remained committed to
  government by an oligarchy, rule by the few
• Athens Sparta

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IV. Sparta

• Greek city-state
• Gained land through conquest of neighbors
• Captured people were known as helots
• These serfs worked for the Spartans

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A military State

• 800 600 B.C.
• Rigidly controlled disciplined
• Entered the military at 20 lived in the
  barracks until 30

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A military State

• Stayed in the army until 60
• Women men lived apart
• Women expected to remain fit to bear raise
  healthy children
• Men expected to be brave in battle, to win or be
  killed

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B. Government of Sparta

• The Spartan government was an oligarchy
• Ephors were elected each year were
  responsible for the education of youth the
  conduct of all citizens
• 2 kings 28 men made up the government
• Did not debate, but only voted

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Government of Sparta

• Closed itself off from the outside world
• Travelers travel discouraged
• Frowned upon new ideas the arts

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V. Athens

• A king ruled early Athens
• By 7th century B.C., oligarchy of aristocrats
• Economic political troubles

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Athens

• Reformist Solon appointed leader in 594 B.C.
• Canceled debts, but did not give land to the poor
• Led to tyranny

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Athens

• Appointed the reformer Cleisthenes in 508 B.C.
• Created a new council of five hundred
• Proposed new laws supervise the treasury
  foreign affairs

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Athens

• Assembly had final authority to pass laws after
  free open debate
• Reforms of Cleisthenes created the foundation
  for Athenian democracy

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Acropolis
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Early Acropolis
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Chapter Objectives

• Describe the roles of the Persian Peloponnesian
  wars in Greek history
• List the cultural contributions of the Greeks to
  Western civilization
• Explain how Alexander the Great created his empire