Sparta and Athens

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Sparta and Athens

• CH 5 Section 3

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Chapter review

• Who were the earliest known Greeks?
• What is an acropolis?
• What book tells the story of the Trojan war?
• Someone who took power but had the peoples
  support?
• The Olympic games were held every 4 years in
  honor of who?

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Sparta the Military Ideal

• A group of people moved into the area of
  Peloponnesus and conquered the people there
• Helots The conquered people of Peloponnesus
  forced to work for the new invaders
• The invaders conquered Sparta and made it their
  capital
• Sparta was located in a valley as opposed to a
  hill like other Greek city-states
• They did not surround the city with walls for
  defense
• This might explain why the Spartans developed
  very differently becoming highly militarized

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Spartan Society

• The Society had three social groups
• The Equals- descendants of the invaders they
  controlled the city-state and divided the land
  equally among themselves
• Half citizens- were free but had no political
  power, they paid taxes and served in the army
• Some Half citizens farmed, others lived in town
  and some even became rich
• Helots- were the slaves Spartans decided how
  they worked and lived they outnumbered the
  Spartans and hated them

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Spartan Govt.

• They had two kings
• One led the army the other was head of the Govt.
• Council of elders- made up of 28 male citizens
  over the age of 60
• The Council proposed laws and acted as a criminal
  court
• The assembly was made of all male citizens over
  30 yrs old
• They voted on the laws proposed by the council
  and they elected ephors who made sure the king
  stayed within the laws

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Govt. Continued

• There were five ephors who served one year terms
• Ephors also had control of the education of all
  young Spartans

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Spartan Military Society
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Military

• The idea was to make every adult male citizen
  part of the Spartan Military machine
• When born if there are any birth defects you are
  left to die in the wilderness
• Babies were bathed in wine to toughen their skin
  and were taught not to be afraid of the dark
• They were also taught not to be picky about the
  food they ate

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Life of Spartan Male

• At 7 you left home and lived in a military
  barracks where you learned to read and write
• From 18 to 20 you were trained for war
• At 20 you began your military service and could
  marry
• You could not live in your own home till 30
• You could not engage in trade or business because
  love of money interfered with discipline
• You remained eligible for military service until
  the age of 60
• Older men were to work for the public good not
  focus on their private lives

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Spartan Women

• As future mothers Girls were also brought up
  strong and healthy
• Genetics, They received strict physical
  training and were taught to be loyal to the
  city-state
• Boys and girls studied music to learn
  coordination and discipline
• The Spartan society created little in the way of
  art, literature, philosophy and science.

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Athens The Birth of Democracy
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Athens

• Located on one of the least fertile parts of
  Greece, Athenians turned to the sea to trade
  goods
• They built their city inland in order to protect
  it from pirates and invaders
• Athens was a typical polis built around the rocky
  hill of the Acropolis
• In times of war the people took refuge inside the
  walls of the city

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The Walls of Athens
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Society

• Citizens were top in society, they might be
  aristocrats or poor farmers, only men had
  political rights
• Females could not vote or hold political office
• Metics Free non citizens born outside of Athens
• They worked as merchants or artisans they were
  free and paid taxes like the citizens
• They could not take part in government or own
  land
• As always slaves were at the bottom these were
  people captured in war

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Draco
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Early Government

• After Athens Monarchy ended the city-state had an
  aristocratic government
• Only citizens who owned land held office
• All adult male citizens, however, met at assembly
• They elected generals in times of war
• They also elected nine Archons a ruler elected
  to rule for one year
• Draco is a Archon believed to have written
  Athens first law code
• The law code was considered very harsh

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Solon

• Was a Archon in Athens in 594 BC
• He noticed more poor selling them selves into
  slavery over debt
• He erased the debt of the poor and outlawed
  slavery in payment of debt
• He also divided the citizens into 4 groups
• The two richest could hold public office
• All citizens could sit in assembly and the
  assembly elected those officials

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Solon
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Democracy

• Cleisthenes seized power in Athens and created a
  direct democracy all citizens participated
  directly in making decisions
• He divided the Athens citizens into 10 tribes
• Each tribe chose 50 men to form the council of
  500
• Members served one year and could not be chosen
  twice

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Continued

• The council proposed laws to the assembly
• Athens courts also became more democratic
• Each man could plea his own case
• Jurors voted on a secret ballot
• Juries were chosen by lot not Nobles
• This was a direct democracy
• Present day democracies like the U.S. use
  representative democracy in which we elect
  representatives to govern for us

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Section Review

• Who were The conquered people of Peloponnesus
  forced to work for the new invaders?
• Who made sure the king stayed within the law?
• What city state made sure their women had
  physical training?
• Who wrote the first Athenian law code?

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The End?

• Section 4
• Daily life of Athens