3.2 Molecules of Life

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3.2 Molecules of Life

• Lipids
• Nonpolar molecules that store energy
• Insoluble in water
• Include triglycerides, phosolipids, steroids,
  waxes, and pigments
• Twice the energy stored in lipids than in the
  same amount of carbs
• Monomer- Fatty Acid

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3.2 Molecules of Life

• Most lipids contain fatty acids, unbranched
  carbon molecules that have a hydrophilic end
  (head) and a hydrophobic end (tail)

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3.2 Molecules of Life

• Triglycerides
• Fats
• Consist of 3 fatty acids and 1 molecule of
  glycerol
• Saturated Fat- hard at room temp (butter, lard)
• Single bongs between carbon atoms
• Unsaturated Fat- liquid at room temp (vegetable
  oil)
• Some double bonds between carbon atoms

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3.2 Molecules of Life
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3.2 Molecules of Life

• Phospholipids
• Make up cell membranes
• Consist of 2 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule
  1 phosphate group
• Lipid bilayer- Hydrophilic end (head) and a
  hydrophobic end (tail)

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3.2 Molecules of Life

• Waxes
• Made of one long fatty acid chain joined to one
  long alcohol
• Waterproof
• Form protective coating on plant leaves
• Steroids
• Composed of four fused carbon rings
• Examples animal hormones, cholesterol

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3.2 Molecules of Life

• Nucleic Acids
• Large and complex organic molecule
• Stores and transports information
• Monomer- nucleotide

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3.2 Molecules of Life

• Structure of Nucleic Acids

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3.2 Molecules of Life

• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - contains genetic
  information that determines the characteristics
  of an organism and directs cell activities
• Ribonucleic acid (RNA) - plays many key roles in
  building of proteins and can act as enzymes
• Nucleotides- monomer of nucleic acids
• Three main components
• Phosphate group
• 5-carbon sugar
• Ring shaped nitrogen base