Molecules of Life

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Molecules of Life
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Carbohydrates

• -Organic compounds
• -Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• -Three types monosaccharide, disaccharide, and
  polysaccharide

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• 1. Monosaccharides simple sugars.
• Examples glucose, fructose, and galactose.
• C6H12O6
• Their differing structures give them different
  properties.
• -Isomers. (Same formula, different form.)

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• 2. Disaccharides two monosaccharides can
  combined in a condensation reaction.
• Exp. fructose and glucose forms sucrose, common
  table sugar.)

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• 3. Polysaccharides three or more
  monosaccharides.
• Exp. Glycogen in animals, starch and cellulose
  in plants.
• Starch

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Proteins

• Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen,
  oxygen, and nitrogen.
• Amino Acids building blocks of protein.
• -20 different types.
• -dipeptide (2 a.a.s)
• -polypeptide (3 or more a.a.s)

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KEYPOINTS -Chain of amino acids polypeptide
(protein) -peptide bonds between amino acids
water is kicked off -What do all the amino
acids have in common?
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Lipids

• Large, non-polar organic molecules that do not
  dissolve in water. Contain carbon, hydrogen,
  oxygen.
• -Store energy, insulate, protection, hormones.
• Major types fatty acids, triglycerides,
  phospholipids, waxes, steroids.

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• Fatty Acids unbranched carbon chains that make
  up most lipids.
• -hydrophilic end water loving (carboxyl end)
• -hydrophobic end water fearing

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The diagram below is a saturated fatty acid.
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The diagram below shows the difference between
saturated and unsaturated fats. Which type of
fat is better for you?

• Saturated triglycerides animal fats.
• Unsaturated triglycerides plant seeds and
  fruits.

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• Triglyceride 3 fatty acids glycerol
• Phospholipids cell membranes
• Waxes protective layers in organisms
• Steroids hormones, cholesterol

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Nucleic Acids

• Nucleic Acids large, complex organic molecules
  that store information in the cell.
• Example DNA, RNA
• -made up of nucleotides.