Chapter 16 section 4 Evidence of Evolution

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Chapter 16 section 4Evidence of Evolution
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Key Questions

• How does the geographic distribution of species
  today relate to their evolutionary history?
• How do fossils help to document the descent of
  modern species from ancient ancestors?
• What do homologous structures and similarities in
  embryonic development suggest about the process
  of evolutionary change?
• How can molecular biology be used to trace the
  process of evolution?
• What does recent research on the Galapagos
  finches show about natural selection?

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Biogeography

• Wherepresent and past
• Divergent evolution
• Darwin's finches
• Convergent evolution
• Shark and Dolphin

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Age of the Earth

• Thought Earth was young
• Radioactive Dating
• 4.6 billion years old
• Recent fossil evidence
• p. 466-7

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Homologous Structures

• Gradual change can be seen organisms
• Similar structures, shared ancestors
• Examples finches beaks, arm/wings p 468

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Analogous Structures

• Similar structures, no recent common ancestor
• Example Bird, insect wings

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Vestigial Structures

• Useful in ancestor, not now
• Ex human tailbone,
  snake/whale pelvis

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Similarities

• Embryology
• Early embryos
• Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

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Genetics

• Proof of common descent
• All living things pass genetic info.
• Macromolecule
• Amino acid sequence
• Cytochrome c
• Hox gene
• Molecular Clocks

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Hox Genes

• Small changes big differences
• Insects vs. Crustaceans
• Ubx gene
• Timing

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Darwin's Finches

• Divergent Evolution
• Grants Research
• Environmental Selection Pressures
• p. 472