Section 1: Theories of Evolution

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Chapter 15

• Section 1 Theories of Evolution

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Lamarck Theory of Evolution

• Organisms had need/desire to improve
• Use and disuse
• Inheritance of acquired characteristics

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Charles Darwin The Trip

• Charles Darwin The naturalist
• Traveled on H.M.S. Beagle in 1831 to the
  Galapagos Islands
• Climates
• Finches
• Tortoises

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Section 15.1 Summary pages 393-403
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Hawaiian Honeycreeper
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Darwin and Modern Evolution

• Darwin A brief history
• Influences on Darwin
• Trip to the Galapagos Islands
• Hutton and Lyell (Unifromitarianism)
• Thomas Malthus
• Alfred Wallace
• Publication of The Origin of Species - 1859

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Darwins Application of Malthus

• Organisms produce more offspring than can survive
• This produces a struggle for existence
• Each member has variations
• Those with variations that give the organism an
  advantage will have the best chance for survival
  survival of the fittest

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Darwins Theories

• Descent with Modification
• Common ancestry
• Modification by Natural Selection
• Fitness
• Adaptive advantage
• Source of adaptation?
• Definition of success

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Explaining Natural Selection

• Occurs when organisms with higher fitness
  survive, reproduce and successfully pass on their
  traits
• Organisms with lower fitness are less likely to
  survive
• Eventually, population is made up of only those
  with higher fitness

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QOD

• What evidence do we have to support evolution by
  natural selection?

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Fossils

• Definition
• Types
• Mold
• Cast
• Amber
• Frozen
• Imprint
• Trace
• Mineralized

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How Fossils Form
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Distribution of Fossils

• Location
• Type of rock
• Law of superposition
• Stratum/Strata
• Age
• Relative age
• Absolute age

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Fossils in Rock Layers
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Succession and Biogeography

• Succession of Forms
• Extinction
• Mass extinction
• Biogeography

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Evidence for Evolution

• Fossils
• Homologous Structures
• Analogous Structures
• Vestigial Structures
• Embryology
• Macromolecules

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Homologous Structures
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Analogous structures
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Vestigial Structures
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Other Forms of Evidence
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Patterns of Evolution

• Coevolution
• Convergent evolution
• Divergent evolution
• Adaptive radiation
• Artificial selection

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Hawaiian Honeycreeper
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QOD

• Where do we see natural selection in action today?

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Kettlewell and the peppered moth
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Antibiotic resistance