Organizing Life

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Organizing Life

• Classification, Taxonomy Dichotomous Key
• A brief review..

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Classification
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Classification

• CLASSIFICATION is a manmade system for grouping
  living organisms with similar characteristics.
• TAXONOMY is the branch of biology that assigns
  names to all the various living organisms.

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Binomial Nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) developed the system
which gives a two part scientific name to each
kind of organism.
Rana pipiens or Rana pipiens
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Binomial Nomenclature

• Linnaeuss system that gives each organism two
  names
• -First word genus always capitalized
• -Second word species lowercase
• -Both words are italicized or underlined
• -Example Homo sapiens (humans) if you were
  writing the name you would underline the words
  Homo sapiens

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Binomial Nomenclature

• Scientists agreed to use a single name for each
  species. Because eighteenth-century scientists
  understood Latin and Greek, they used those
  languages for scientific names.
• Genus (first word) a group of closely related
  species
• Species (second word) unique to each species
  within the genus

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Taxonomy

• Categories of organisms are referred to as Taxon
  or TAXA. !

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Dichotomous Key

• special guides to help identify organisms.
• consists of several pairs of descriptive
  statements

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CLASSIFICATION

• Linnaeuss system of classification includes
  seven levels.
• Listed from largest to smallest

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Classification

• Biologists place living things in the
  classification system based on phylogeny
  (evolutionary relationships, structure,
  development, biochemistry, and behavior.

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The Six Kingdoms

• Organizing life in infinite varieties

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Kingdom Eubacteria

• True bacteria prokaryotic, microscopic,
  unicellular
• more than 10,000 species identified

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Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Ancient bacteria found in extreme environments
  like salt lakes, deep ocean vents and geysers.
• Unicellular
• Prokaryotic live in the absence of oxygen

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Kingdom Protista

• Unicellular multicellular
• some plantlike some animallike, but are not
  plants, animals or fungi
• Eukaryote that lacks complex organ systems
• Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp

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Kingdom Protista

• No single trait is unique to protist
• Protists can be autotrophs or heterotrophs, and a
  few can switch between modes
• Some single-celled protists can develop into a
  nonmotile, dormant cyst during hard times

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Kingdom Fungi

• Decomposers
• Unicellular or multicellular
• eukaryotic
• Heterotrophic
• Mushrooms, yeast

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Kingdom Plantae

• Multicellular oxygen producers
• stationary eukaryotes
• most have cellulose cell walls
• Chloroplasts
• Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

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Kingdom Animalia

• Multicellular consumers most able to move
• no cell walls
• most have specialized tissues organs
• Eukaryotic
• Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals