The Rise of City-States

1
Greeks

• The Rise of City-States

2
Geography of the Greek World

• A Rugged Land
• Where did Greek people farm?
• How did the mountains surrounding Greece shaped
  the relationship between Greek communities?

3
Surrounded by the Sea

• What bodies of water surrounded Greece?
• How did these bodies of water affect the lives of
  Greek people?

4
Mediterranean Climate

• How did the climate of Greece shaped the way of
  life of people living in this peninsula?

5
Early Greek HistoryMinoan and Mycenaean
Civilization

• What were some of the characteristics of the
  Minoan civilization?
• Who were the Mycenaean? Where did they live?
• What form of government did the Mycenaean have?
• What were the consequences of the Mycenaeans
  fall?

6
Quick EssayTopic City-States

• Provide a description of life in Greek
  city-states. Use all of the following words in
  your description.
• Polis
• Citizens
• Laws
• Acropolis
• Agora
• Politics
• Aristocracy
• Women
• Slaves
• Foreigners.

7
Playing it Out

• With your group, identify four important
  characteristics of the group you were assigned to
  research
• Each member of the group will create a different
  skit showing one of those characteristics.
• Remember that each skit can have a minimum of one
  person and a maximum of four people as part of
  it.

8
Define the following words

• Oligarchy
• Tyrannies
• Democracy
• Citizenship
• Assembly
• Council (Boule)
• Courts

9
Oligarchy and Tyranny

• Oligarchy
• Early forms of government where political power
  is held by a small group of people
• Council of leaders belonged to the aristocracy
• Tyranny
• Governments run by a strong ruler
• Ruler was usually member of the aristocracy
• Promised land and other benefits to the poor and
  won popular support
• Some were fair rulers, others did not keep their
  promises and ruled harshly

10
Power of the People

• Democracy
• rule by the people
• Large numbers of men participated in public
  affairs
• Citizenship
• Membership in a community
• Gives people both rights and responsibilities
• Ordinary people had the right to help make
  decisions

11
Council (Boule)

• 500 People Council
• This group helped decide which issues should come
  before the assembly
• Members were chosen at random among citizens
• Every citizen had a chance to serve in the
  Council

12
Topics

• Every student should be required to take a
  performing arts course.
• Grades should be abolished.
• All students should be required to perform one
  year of community service.

• Homework should be banned.
• PE should be required of all students throughout
  high school.
• Schools should block YouTube

13
Assembly

• Main Political Body in Athens
• All free adult male citizens had the right to
  attend
• Meetings took place 40 times a year
• Everyone in the Assembly had the right to speak

14
The Court System

• Each court decided on different types of cases
• Juries made up of citizens served in the courts
• Decisions were made by majority vote.
• Hundreds or even thousands of people could serve
  in a jury

15
Limited Democracy

• Women could not vote or hold office
• Foreigners could not be citizens
• Slaves had no rights
• Athens did not have rule by all people, but at
  the time it had more freedom than most other
  city-states in Greece

16
Direct and Representative Democracy

• Direct Democracy

• Representative Democracy

• Citizens participate directly in decision-making
• Works better when population is small
• In countries that are too big and with many
  people, it is more difficult for those people to
  meet

• U.S. model
• Citizens elect others to represent them in
  government
• Representatives pass laws and make decisions on
  behalf of people

17
Athens and Sparta

• A Tale of Two City-States

18
Social Classes

• Athens

• Sparta

• Class system with leaders belonging to wealthy
  families.
• Women were considered inferior.
• Slavery existed

• To become a citizen, men would have to become
  soldier.
• If they failed, they became inferiors
• Sparta had more slaves than any other city-state

19
Political Life

• Athens

• Sparta

• Democracy
• Council, Assembly, Courts
• 45,000 citizens

• Authoritarian government
• Ruled by two kings who were military leaders
• Council of elders composed by 28 men over the age
  of 60 and elected for life made decisions.
• Ephors were five men responsible for day-to-day
  operations.
• 9,000 citizens

20
Military

• Athens

• Sparta

• Not as important or as much of an emphasis as in
  Sparta.
• Emphasized Education in Arts, Philosophy, etc.

• Very important had strongest army in Greece.
• Boys trained to be soldiers and girls trained to
  be strong mothers to provide strong children.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vRurmBuDicBI

21
Religionhttp//www.youtube.com/watch?vlZZgTilriB
4

• Athens

• Sparta

• Polytheism believed in many gods and goddesses,
  which had human qualities.
• Ruler of the gods was Zeus.

• Resembled that of Athens.
• Emphasis on gods related to War.

22
Trade

• Athens

• Sparta

• Traded metalworking, pottery and textiles for
  things lacking or wanting, including foreign
  grain.

• Very limited trade kept mostly as an isolated
  city-state. The lack of trade kept many of the
  people poor farmers.

23
Sportshttp//www.youtube.com/watch?vz9lFwCDuj38
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vKdFLH9VLPJ8

• Athens

• Sparta

• Honored gods and goddesses by training mind and
  body.
• Held sports competitions, most famous was Olympic
  Games.
• Girls did not practice sports.

• Honored gods and goddesses by training mind and
  body.
• Girls participated in some sports in order to be
  strong as mothers.

24
Family Life/Educationhttp//www.youtube.com/watch
?vkd60himDm9k

• Athens

• Sparta

• Girls stayed at home and helped mothers
• Boys helped fathers on their jobs.
• Boys had more educational opportunity than girls.

• Boys learned reading and writing, but emphasis
  was on becoming a good soldier.
• Girls had little schooling.
• Allowed to participate in physical activities
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vuLyW5UYPYYs

25
Greek Mythology

• Polytheistic Religion
• Worship of Many Gods
• Mythology
• Collection of stories that people tell about
  their gods or heroes
• Explained the world, behaviors of people, and
  taught moral lessons.
• Honored their Gods with public and private
  religious rituals.
• Prayers and Animal Sacrifices
• Each City-State built temples for deities

26
Athletic Contests

• Part of Religious Festivals
• Displayed skills and it was a way to honor their
  Gods
• Olympic Games honored Zeus and took place every
  four years
• Festival Site was at Olympia
• Winners became celebrities

27
Sacred Sites

• Homes to Gods or spirits
• Mount Olympus
• Home to the major gods
• Delphi
• Holy Temple of Apollo
• Delphic Oracle
• Predicted what would happen in the future
• Answered with Puzzling Statements or Riddles

28
The Arts of Greece

• Strong Appreciation of Beauty
• Expressed it in their painting, sculpture, and
  architecture
• Ordinary objects were carefully designed
• Painting
• Depth and Perspective
• Sculpture
• Strong Egyptian Influence
• Developed Realistic Style
• Huge Statues of Gods and Goddesses
• Architecture
• Tried to Achieve Perfection in their Work
• Parthenon was a temple to honor Athena

29
Literature

• Linked with Religion
• Religious Festivals included contests between
  poets
• Homer
• Wrote Epic Poems Odyssey and Iliad
• Gods Controlling human lives
• Lyric Poetry
• Short Poetic Songs on many subjects, like
  politics and war
• Greek Drama
• Performance on Stage
• Tragedies tragic ending/Comedies happy endings
• Fables
• Stories that teach a moral lesson.

30
Greek Philosophy

• Philosophy love for wisdom
• Asked Questions about the nature of things and
  answered through reason
• How do we know whats real?
• What is the nature of the universe?
• Socrates
• Socratic Method of Teaching Asking Questions to
  make people think more clearly. Challenged
  accepted beliefs
• Plato
• Created a school of philosophy called Academy