Classical Greece

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Classical Greece
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Geography

• Includes mainland and about 2,000 islands
• The sea lack of resources encourage travel and
  trade
• Mountains make travel farming hard
• Climate allows outdoor activities

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• Mycenaeans Indo-Europeans that settle in
  Southern Greece.
• Trojan War - 1200s B.C. Mycenae fought Troy
• Mycenae civilization collapses

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• Dorians, move in and no records found for 400
  years
• History through tradtions
• Homer wrote epics (Iliad Odyssey)
• Mythology develop gods to understand mystery of
  life. Have human traits.

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Zeus
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The City-State

• By 750 B.C. the Greek city-state, or polis, is
  the formal government
• A polis is a city and its surrounding villages
  50 - 500 sq. miles
• Population often less than 10,000
• Citizens gather on acropolisa fortified hilltop
  discuss government

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Governments

• Monarchy-
• Aristocracy-
• Oligarchy-
• Tyrant
• Democracy -

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• Athens Direct Democracy
• Sparta Military State

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Persian Wars

• Phalanx formation of soldiers with spears
  shields
• Battle of Marathon Persia vs. Greece

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• Athens defeats Persia
• Pheidippides - runs to Athens to announce Greek
  victory, Rejoice, we conquer then dies.
• Athens becomes leader of Greece 200 city states
• Alliance called Delian League.

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Assignment

• Research daily life in Sparta Athens
• Answer the following questions thoroughly (pg.
  128-131)
• 1. The role of government in the lives of
  individuals
• 2. The purpose of education for boys girls
• 3. the responsibilities and privileges of
  citizens and non-citizens
• 4. the roles of women in society

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Athens

• Golden Age 477- 431 B.C.
• How did Pericles strengthen Athens?
• 1.Increased number of officials who were paid
  salaries. Now anyone can hold office.
• 2.Uses money from Delian League to build up navy.
• 3.Beautified Athens

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2 - Greeks

• Greek tragedy character with tragic hero
• Ex. Oedipus Rex
• Greek comedy

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Peloponnesian War

• Who, What, When, Where Why?
• 1. Sparta Athens
• 2. Peloponnesian War Sparta declares war on
  Athens. Athens had strong navy Sparta strong
  army.
• 3. 431 B.C.
• 4. Athens lost.

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Philosophers

• Athens loses war and questions meaning of life
• 1. Socrates absolute standards do exist, Greeks
  should examine their life
• 2. Plato Ideal society of 3 groups
• 3. Aristotle argues for rules of logic,
  scientific method

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Alexander the Great

• After Peloponnesian War
• King Phillip of Macedonia noticed Greece is weak
• Defeats Greece, then dies
• Son, Alexander is King
• He defeats Persia
• Empire grows to include all SW Asia
• Army fights for 11 years

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• Macedonia in orange

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Hellenistic Culture

• Blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian
  influences
• City of Alexandria becomes largest city
• 1st Library here contained most of what we know
  today