Constructing Classical Greece:

1
Constructing Classical Greece

• From City-States to
• Alex the Great

2
The First Greeks

• Minoans pass along their culture to
  the Mycenaeans
• 1. The value of seaborne trade
• 2. A writing system
• 3. Artistic designs
• 4. Religious practices
• Mycenaean Kings dominate Greece from 1600 B.C. to
  1100 B.C.
• What is the importance of these two early Greek
  civilizations?

3
The Geography of Greece

• Peninsula
• Land surrounded by water on 3 sides
• Makes sea travel necessary for trade
• Mountains
• Cover 75 of Greece
• Naturally divide land into city-states
• Climate
• Temperatures range from 48F to 80F
• Encourages an active, outdoor lifestyle

4
Rule in Greek City-States

• Monarchy Rule by a king or queen
• Aristocracy Rule by a small group of rich people
• Oligarchy Rule by a few powerful people
• Tyrants Leaders who work for the ordinary
  citizen different than today!
• Democracy Leader chosen by majority vote

5
Athens

• Develops as a Democracy - citizens participate in
  the decision-making for the city-state
• Promotes learning reading, grammar, poetry,
  history, mathematics, music, public speaking and
  athletics
• Values Intelligence, individuality, freedom and
  beauty

6
Sparta

• Governed as a military state
• Requires military training for boys starting at
  age 7 and ending at age 30
• Values Duty, strength, discipline, not the
  individual

7
What were the Persian Wars?

• A land dispute that triggered war between Greece
  and the Persian Empire

8
Persian Empire
9
Battle of Marathon

• Persians and Athenians (Greeks) meet at
  Marathon
• The Athenians use the phalanx to destroy Persian
  forces
• 200 Athenians die
• 6000 Persians die
• Athenian soldier, Pheidippides, is sent running
  to Athens to share the news

10
Battle of Thermopylae

• 7000 Greeks wait to fight the Persian army at a
  mountain pass called Thermopylae
  http//www.youtube.com/watch?v7RQm37K-clg
• Greek forces retreat leaving 300 Spartan soldiers
  to fight the Persiansto the death
• As a result, Athenian soldiers prepare to fight
  the Persians in the next battle

11
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12
Battle of Salamis

• Athenians leave their city to fight at sea
• Set-up their fleet (boats) in a narrow channel
  next to the island of Salamis
• Persian ships are too big to move quickly in the
  narrow channel
• Athenians destroy one-third of the Persian fleet
• The loss causes Persians to remain on the
  defensive

13
Battle of Salamis
14
Delian League
15
Delian League

• After the Greeks' unexpected victory against the
  Persians, the Athenians felt that the victory was
  due to the unity of the Greeks and the leadership
  of the Athenians.
• The Athenians would have the other city-states
  join them in a union known as the Delian League.

16
Delian League

• An alliance (partnership) between Greek
  city-states to work together to defeat the
  Persians
• The alliance forces Persians out of Greece and
  all surrounding territories
• After the Persian wars, Athens gains power and
  becomes the leader of the Delian League

17
Pericles Rules Athens

• Pericles 3 Goals
• Strengthen Democracy
• Strengthen the Empire
• Glorify Athens through art and architecture
• This leads to the start of Greeces Golden Age

18
The Parthenon
19
Soldier Field
Chicago, Illinois
20
Athenians Get Greedy

• Strong democracy in Athens leads to nationalism
  (people want to fight for their home because its
  the BEST!)
• Athens begins to gain strength by conquering
  other city-states and taking control of others
  ports to prevent trade
• Athenians want their city-state to become a
  military, economic and cultural power

21
Sparta Steps In

• The city-state of Sparta believes it is their
  duty to stop Athens from gaining too much power
  so they go to war
• The Peloponnesian War The war between Athens and
  Sparta for control of the Greek peninsula

22
Results of the Peloponnesian War

• Sparta WINS!
• Causes the people of Athens to lose trust in
  Democracy
• Philosophers challenge people to think about
  their actions
• Famous Greek Philosophers Socrates, Plato,
  and Aristotle

23

• Who is Alexander and Why is He Great?

24
The Greatness Begins

• King Philip II of Macedonia (country just north
  of Greece) defeats Greece
• Philip wants to defeat the Persians next but dies
  before he gets the chance
• Philips son, Alexander, takes power and conquers
  Persia - in memory of his dad
• This frees Egypt from Persian control
• Establishes the city of Alexandria at the mouth
  of the Nile River in Egypt

25
Alexander Moves East

• Goal To conquer the entire Asian continent
• Gets as far as India
• Defeats the Indians, but his troops want to go
  home
• Alexander agrees and decides to return home to
  unify his empire and then conquer the continent
• Dies a few days later June 10, 323 B.C.

26
Alexanders Legacy

• His victories brought together Eastern (Asian)
  and Greek cultures to form Hellenistic Culture