Imperialism Intro

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Imperialism Intro
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Goal of Today

• The goal of today will be to begin to understand
  some of motives and reasons that European
  Imperialism.
• Terms to know
• Colony
• Protectorate
• Sphere of Influence

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Definition

• Imperialism- the policy, practice, or advocacy of
  extending the power and dominion of a nation
  especially by direct territorial acquisitions or
  by gaining indirect control over the political or
  economic life of other areas broadly the
  extension or imposition of power, authority, or
  influence

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Five Forms of Imperial Control

• Colony
• Protectorate
• Sphere of Influence
• Annex
• Economic/Military Aid

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1. COLONY

• Territory settled and ruled by people of another
  land

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2. PROTECTORATE

• Country with its own government but under the
  control of an outside power.
• Puppet Government
• Satellite

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3. SPHERE OF INFLUENCE

• Area in which an outside power claims exclusive
  investment or trading privileges.

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4. ANNEX

• Add a territory onto an existing state or country.

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5. ECONOMIC/MILITARY AID

• One country isnt simply trying to help another
  but is trying to gain a small amount of control.

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Why did countries colonize
EuropeanNationalism
Source for Raw Materials
Missionary/ Humanitarian Activity
Industrial Revolution

• European
• Motives
• For Colonization

Military NavalBases
Markets forFinishedGoods
Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Popul.
SocialDarwinism
EuropeanRacism
Soc. Eco.Opportunities
WhiteMansBurden
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• Imperialism did not begin in the nineteenth
  century. A number of European states, most
  notably Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands, had
  carved out large overseas empires in the age of
  exploration.
• The new technologies of the Industrial Revolution
  in the nineteenth century encouraged imperial
  growth.- ie raw materials
• When the value of these raw materials became
  apparent, the states of Europe began to take
  control of large swathes of territory in Africa
  and Asia, heralding in a new era of imperialism.

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European Nationalism

• This is the idea of one upping another country.
  Ex. If Great Britain had a colony in Africa than
  France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Holland, Spain,
  and Portugal, had to have one too.
• There was a huge desire to compete with other
  countries.

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• Missionaries
• Catholic and Protestant missionaries followed the
  explorers
• Built schools and medical clinics
• Saw Africans as children in need of guidance
  (paternalistic view)

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• In this period there was a push to spread the
  Christian religion to the newly formed colonies
  so missionaries set out to these places to help
  convert the native peoples.
• Closely related to the missionary motives of
  Europeans there was also the idea that the people
  of the advanced Western nations had the duty to
  transmit Western ideas and techniques to more
  backward people. People were considered
  backward if their religion or their culture
  differed from those of the West.
• Missionaries also spread education and helped
  improve medicine in these countries. This meant
  people in these countries improved their
  knowledge of medicine, hygiene, and sanitation.

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The White Mans Burden
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Dictionary Term

• White Man's Burden
• The phrase "white man's burden" referred to the
  perceived responsibility of Europeans to civilize
  and Christianize the nonwhite people of the
  world. It was primarily used by the British to
  justify their colonization efforts, which were
  usually motivated by economics rather than the
  white man's burden.

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The White Mans Burden appeared in childrens
books and even in advertisements of the time
period.
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• Text on bottom read The first step towards
  lightening the White Mans Burden is through
  teaching the virtues of cleanliness. Pear Soap
  is a potent factor in brightening the dark
  corners of the earth.

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Charles Darwin

• Theory of natural selection
• Resources of the environment are limited
• No two members of the same species are alike.
• Organisms that have useful traits reproduce in
  greater number, those that do not have those
  traits die off- survival of the fittest.
• Nature selects different traits at different
  times.

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Social Darwinism

• Many writers applied Darwins theory to
  sociology. These theories became Social
  Darwinism.
• Within the human species, nations are locked in
  a struggle for survival. Everywhere, civilized
  nations are supplanting barbarous nations.
  Advanced civilization, obviously, has inherited
  valuable traits from its ancestors.
  Underdeveloped cultures, except in hostile
  climates, will soon die off. Therefore, natural
  order obligates powerful, civilized nations to
  appropriate the limited resources of the weak.
• Does it adhere to the principles of Darwin's
  theory? Why or why not?

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Social Darwinism
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• Josiah Strong, an influential American clergyman,
  wrote the following argument for expansion in
  1897. Is it logical? How does it differ from the
  previous passage? Does it follow Darwin's line of
  reasoning?
• The two great ideas of mankind are Christianity
  and civil liberty. The Anglo-Saxon civilization
  is the great representative of these two great
  ideas. Add to this the fact of his rapidly
  increasing strength in modern times, and we have
  a demonstration of his destiny.There can be no
  doubt that North America is to be the great home
  of Anglo-Saxon power. It is not unlikely that
  before the close of the next century, this race
  will outnumber all other civilized races of the
  earth. But the widening waves of migration meet
  today on its Pacific coast. The unoccupied arable
  lands of the world are limited and will soon be
  taken.The time is coming when the pressure of
  population will . . . force the final competition
  of races. The United States will assert itself,
  having developed aggressive traits necessary to
  impress its institutions upon mankind. Can anyone
  doubt that the result of this competition will be
  the survival of the fittest?

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• Cecil Rhodes (who is British) said- I contend
  that we are the first race in the world, and that
  the more of the world we inhabit the better it is
  for the human race.

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• Gordon Sprigg( a politician in Cape Colony- South
  Africa) in referring to local tribes- The
  Government feels that, like the rest of the
  natives in South Africa, you posses very much the
  character of children, and the Government knows
  that children cannot at all times be trusted

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Rudyard Kipling 1865- 1936

• A British author who wrote about early colonial
  life in India.
• Supported imperialism.
• Wrote Jungle Book 1895

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His Poem

• In February 1899 the poem appeared in an issue of
  McClures Magazine
• It was written to encourage the US to take up the
  burden that other European countries had and
  colonize the Philippine Islands.
• The release of the poem coincided with the
  beginning of the Philippine- American War and the
  US Senate ratification of the treaty that placed
  Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba, and the Philippines
  under US control.
• This poem became the slogan of imperialism.

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• What Allowed the Europeans to take Control of
  Africa and Asia

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Technological Advances

• The steam engine
• Better transportation
• Increased exploration
• Improvements in communication

The steamboat Herald (with mounted machine guns)
on the Zambezi river in Africa
One of the first steam engines
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The Maxim Gun
British troops fighting forces in Benin in 1897
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Remember? Whatever happens, we have gotthe
Maxim gun, and they have not.
When Africans rebelled, Europeans killed
thousands of Yao, Zulu, Asante, Shona, Herero,
and Maji-Maji people.
Ethiopia was the only exception