Intro 1

1
Intro 1
Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio
again.
2

• 19.1 MAIN CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I

• M-Militarism, arms race build up armies and
  navies to use as a diplomatic tool (threat)
• A-Alliances
• I-Imperialism
• N-Nationalism

3
Section 1-10
19.1 The Outbreak of World War I

• The roots of World War I can be traced back to
  the 1860s, when Prussia began a series of wars in
  order to unite German states.

• By 1871 Germany was united. The new German nation
  changed European politics.
• France and Germany were enemies.
• Germany formed the Triple Alliance with
  Austria-Hungary and Italy.

(pages 577580)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
4
Section 1-11
The Outbreak of World War I (cont.)

• Russia and France formed the Franco-Russian
  Alliance against Germany and Austria-Hungary.

• Great Britain remained neutral until the early
  1900s, when it began an arms race with Germany.
• This increased tensions between the two
  countries, causing the British to gain closer
  relations with France and Russia.
• The three countries became known as the Triple
  Entente.

(pages 577580)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
5
(No Transcript)
6
Section 1-12
The Outbreak of World War I (cont.)

• Nationalism, intense pride for ones homeland,
  was a powerful idea in Europe in the late 1800s.

• This idea led to a crisis in the Balkans where
  different national groups within the Ottoman and
  Austro-Hungarian Empires began to seek
  independence.

(pages 577580)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
7
Section 1-13
The Spark that led to World War I (cont.)

• In June 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian
  throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was killed by a
  Bosnian revolutionary, a member of the Black
  Hand, a terrorist group.

• This act set off a chain of events that led to
  World War I.
• On July 28, Austria declared war on Serbia.
• On August 1, Germany declared war on Russia.
• Two days later Germany declared war on France.

(pages 577580)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
8
Section 1-14
The Outbreak of World War I (cont.)

• The Allied PowersFrance, Russia, Great Britain,
  and later Italyfought for the Triple Entente.

• Germany and Austria-Hungary joined the Ottoman
  Empire and Bulgaria to form the Central Powers.
• Germany and France became locked in a stalemate
  along hundreds of miles of trenches.
• The stalemate lasted three years.

(pages 577580)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
9
Section 1-18
American Neutrality

• Wilson declared the United States to be neutral.

• He did not want his country pulled into a foreign
  war.
• Americans, however, began showing support for one
  side or the other with many immigrants supporting
  their homelands.
• Most Americans favored the Allied cause.

(pages 580581)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
10
Section 1-19
American Neutrality (cont.)

• The British skillfully used propaganda, or
  information used to influence opinion, to gain
  American support.

(pages 580581)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
11
Section 1-20
American Neutrality (cont.)

• Companies in the United States had strong ties to
  the Allied countries.

• Many American banks gave loans to the Allies.
• As a result, American prosperity was tied to the
  war.
• The money would only be paid back if the Allies
  won.

(pages 580581)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
12
Section 1-22
Moving Toward War

• While most Americans supported the Allies, they
  did not want to enter the war.

• The British navy blockaded Germany to keep it
  from getting supplies.
• The British redefined contraband, or prohibited
  materials, to stop neutral parties from shipping
  food to Germany.
• To get around the blockade, Germany deployed
  submarines known as U-boats.

(pages 581583)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
13
Section 1-23
Moving Toward War (cont.)

• Germany threatened to sink any ship that entered
  the waters around Britain.

• Attacking civilians ships without warning
  violated an international treaty and outraged the
  United States.
• The Lusitania, a British passenger liner, was hit
  by the Germans, killing almost 1,200
  passengersincluding 128 Americans.

(pages 581583)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
14
Section 1-24
Moving Toward War (cont.)

• Americans instructed Germany to stop U-boat
  strikes.

• Germany did not want the U.S. to join the war and
  strengthen the Allies.
• The Sussex Pledge, a promise made by Germany to
  stop sinking merchant ships, kept the United
  States out of the war for a bit longer.

(pages 581583)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
15
Section 1-25
Moving Toward War (cont.)

• A German official, Arthur Zimmermann, cabled the
  German ambassador in Mexico, proposing that
  Mexico ally itself with Germany.

• In return, Mexico would regain territory it had
  earlier lost to the United States.
• The Zimmermann telegram was intercepted by
  British intelligence and leaked to American
  newspapers.

(pages 581583)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
16
Section 1-26
Moving Toward War (cont.)

• In February 1917, Germany went back to
  unrestricted submarine warfare and, soon after,
  sank six American merchant ships.

• On April 6, 1917, the United States declared war
  against Germany.
• What were the 3 reasons why American entered
  World War I?

(pages 581583)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
17

• 3 Reasons why America entered WWI
• 1. Unrestricted submarine warfare.
• 2. Sinking of Lusitania.
• 3. Zimmerman Telegram.

18
Section 2-5
19.2 Building Up the Military

• As the United States entered the war it was
  necessary to recruit more soldiers.

• Many progressives thought conscription, or forced
  military service, violated both democratic and
  republican principles.
• A new system of conscription, called selective
  service, resulted in about 2.8 million Americans
  being drafted.

(pages 584585)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
19
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the answer.
20
Section 2-6
Building Up the Military (cont.)

• African American soldiers faced discrimination
  and prejudice within the army, where they served
  in racially segregated units under the control of
  white officers.

(pages 584585)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
21
Section 2-7
Building Up the Military (cont.)

• The navy enlisted some 11,000 women, whose jobs
  included clerical positions, radio operators,
  electricians, pharmacists, photographers,
  chemists, and torpedo assemblers.

• The army, refusing to enlist women, hired them as
  temporary employees to fill clerical positions.
• Army nurses were the only women in the military
  to go overseas during the war.
• WWI was the first war in which women served.

(pages 584585)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
22
Section 2-10
Organizing Industry (cont.)

• In 1917 the War Industries Board (WIB) was
  created to coordinate the production of war
  materials.

(pages 585586)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
23
Section 2-11
Organizing Industry (cont.)

• Hoover asked people to plant victory gardens to
  raise their own vegetables in order to leave more
  food for the troops.
• The Fuel Administration encouraged people to
  conserve coal and oil.
• Daylight savings time was introduced to conserve
  energy.

(pages 585586)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
24
Section 2-12
Organizing Industry (cont.)

• To raise money to pay for the war, the
  government began selling Liberty Bonds and
  Victory Bonds.

• By buying bonds, Americans were loaning the
  government money that would be repaid with
  interest in a specified number of years.

(pages 585586)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
25
M/C 2-1
26
Section 2-14
Mobilizing the Workforce

• To prevent strikes, the government established
  the National War Labor Board (NWLB) in 1918.

• In exchange for wage increases, an 8-hour
  workday, and the right to organize unions and
  bargain collectively, the labor leaders agreed
  not to disrupt war production with a strike.

(page 587)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
27
Section 2-15
Mobilizing the Workforce (cont.)

• The war increased the need for women in the
  workforce.

• They took factory and manufacturing jobs and
  positions in the shipping and railroad
  industries.
• After the war, women returned to their previous
  jobs or left the workforce.

(page 587)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
28
Section 2-16
Mobilizing the Workforce (cont.)

• The war stopped the flow of immigrants to the
  United States, which allowed African Americans
  wartime jobs.

• Between 300,000 and 500,000 African Americans
  left the South to settle in the North.
• This Great Migration changed the racial makeup
  of many Northern cities.

(page 587)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
29
Section 2-19
Ensuring Public Support

• Espionage, or spying to acquire secret government
  information, was addressed in the Espionage Act
  of 1917.
• Espionage Act, set up consequences for people who
  aided the enemy.

(pages 587589)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
30
Section 2-20
Ensuring Public Support (cont.)

• The Sedition Act of 1918 went a step further by
  making it illegal to criticize the president or
  the government.

• Suspicions of disloyalty led to the mistreatment
  of German Americans. Anti-German feelings
  sometimes led to violence.
• Anyone appearing disloyal also came under attack.

(pages 587589)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
31
Section 2-21
Ensuring Public Support (cont.)

• In the case of Schenck v. the United States
  (1919), the Supreme Court ruling limited an
  individuals freedom of speech if the words
  spoken constituted a clear and present danger.

(pages 587589)
32
Chapter Summary 1
33
Section 3-5
19.3 Combat in World War I

• By 1917 World War I had claimed millions of
  European lives.

• Americans, however, believed their troops could
  bring the war to a quick end.
• Soldiers dug trenches as a means of protection
  from modern weapons.
• Trench warfare was a stalemate, in which no side
  gained any territory.
• No mans land was the space between the
  opposing trenches.

(pages 592594)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36

• WWI, first mechanized war.
• Mechanized Warfare-armored warfare.
• Tanks, airplanes, u-boats, battleships, machine
  guns, large artillery and gas masks.

37
Section 3-6
Combat in World War I (cont.)

• Soldiers would charge the enemy by scrambling out
  of the trenches.

• This inefficient military move made soldiers easy
  targets.
• In major battles, both sides lost several hundred
  thousand men.

(pages 592594)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
38
Section 3-7
Combat in World War I (cont.)

• To break through enemy lines and reduce
  casualties, new technologies were created.

• Poison gas, first used by the Germans, caused
  vomiting, blindness, and suffocation.
• Tanks were unsuccessfully used.
• Airplanes dropped small bombs on the enemy and
  engaged in air battles.

(pages 592594)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
39
Section 3-9
The Americans and Victory

• Doughboys was a nickname for American soldiers.

• Although inexperienced, the American soldiers
  boosted the morale of Allied forces.
• American Admiral William S. Sims proposed
  convoys, in which merchant ships and troop
  transports were gathered into groups and brought
  across the Atlantic by warships.
• The result was a reduction in shipping losses and
  ensured that American troops would get to Europe
  safely.

(pages 594596)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
40
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the answer.
41
Section 3-10
The Americans and Victory (cont.)

• Although Russians supported the war effort, their
  government was not equipped to handle the major
  problems of the nation.
• In 1917 Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik
  Party, overthrew the government and replaced it
  with a Communist one.

(pages 594596)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
42
Section 3-11
The Americans and Victory (cont.)

• Lenin pulled Russia out of the war and agreed
  with Germany to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk,
  removing German armies from Russian lands in
  exchange for territory.

• This closed the Eastern Front for Germany.
• Germany could now focus all its attention on the
  Western Front.

(pages 594596)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
43
Section 3-13
The Americans and Victory (cont.)

• In September 1918, American General Pershing put
  together the most massive attack in American
  history, causing one German position after
  another to fall to the advancing American troops.

• On November 11, 1918, Germany finally signed an
  armistice, or cease-fire, that ended the war.

(pages 594596)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
44
M/C 3-3a
45
Section 3-15
A Flawed Peace

• In January 1919, meeting at Versailles leaders of
  the victorious Allied nations met to resolve the
  issues caused by the war.

• Wilsons plan, called the Fourteen Points,
  addressed the principle of justice to all people
  and nationalities.
• The points proposed by Wilson included
  eliminating the general causes of the war through
  free trade and disarmament, open diplomacy
  instead of secret agreements, and the right to
  self-determination.

(pages 596597)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
46
Section 3-16
A Flawed Peace (cont.)

• The fourteenth point, known as the League of
  Nations, called for member nations to help
  preserve peace and prevent future wars.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
47
Section 3-17
A Flawed Peace (cont.)

• The other Allied governments felt that Wilsons
  plan was too lenient toward Germany.

• The Treaty of Versailles, signed by Germany,
  weakened Wilsons proposal. The treaty stripped
  Germany of its armed forces and made it pay
  reparations, or war damages to the Allies.
• Republicans and democrats never fully agreed on
  the wording of the League.
• Some felt it too imperialistic others felt it
  wasnt imperialistic enough.
• Woodrow Wilson died during the arguments.
• It was never passed.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
48
Chapter Assessment 9
Geography and History
49
Section 4-11
19.4 Return to Normalcy

• In the summer of 1919, race riots occurred in
  many Northern cities.

• They were caused by the return of hundreds of
  thousands of American soldiers who needed to find
  employment.
• African Americans, who moved North to work, were
  now competing for the same jobs as the soldiers.
• Women who worked in factories to help produce war
  materials were also forced out of work.

(pages 601)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
50
Section 4-14
The Red Scare

• After World War I, Americans associated communism
  with disloyalty and unpatriotic behavior.

• The numerous strikes in the U.S. in 1919 made
  Americans fear that Communists, or reds, might
  take control.
• This led to a nationwide panic known as the Red
  Scare.
• A. Mitchell Palmer organized raids on various
  radical organizations, mostly rounding up
  immigrants who were then deported, or expelled
  from the country.

(pages 601603)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the information.
51
Causes and Effects 1