INTRO TO WESTERN EUROPE

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INTRO TO WESTERN EUROPE

• Continent of Peninsulas

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4 MAJOR LANDFORMS

• NORTHWEST HIGHLANDS-low mtns hills
• SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS KJOLEN MTNS.
• OLD, ERODED MTNS GLACIERS
• Fjords narrow inlets of the sea between high
  rocky cliffs
• Caused by glaciers
• Many lakes created

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2nd landform

• Northern European Plain
• Runs from France to the Urals
• Many rivers and major cities
• Most important farming and industrial area
• Most densely populated
• Created by glaciers

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3rd main landform region

• Central Uplands
• Hills, plateaus, low mountains
• Coal and manufacturing areas
• Jura MtnsFrance/Switzerland
• Massif Central-France

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4TH MAJOR LANDFORM

• Alpine System-volcanic mtns.
• AppenninesItaly
• Carpathians
• PyreneesFrance/Spain border
• Still active volcanoes/earthquakes
• Italy, Greece, Iceland

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CLIMATEOF EUROPE

• 3 MAJOR INFLUENCES
• 1-ATLANTIC OCEANNorth Atlantic Drift
• Affect?
• 2-MOUNTAINSALPS SEPARATE HUMID CONTINENTAL FROM
  MEDITERRANEAN
• Affect?
• 3-SOUTHERN COASTAL AREAS

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3 MAIN CLIMATE TYPES

• 1-Marine West Coast
• Where?
• Pattern?
• 2-Humic Continental
• Where?
• Pattern?

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Climate Types

• 3-Mediterranean
• Where?
• Pattern?
• Why?

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VEGETATION

• 4 MAIN BIOMES
• 1-TEMPERATE FOREST
• 2-MEDITERRANEAN SCRUB FOREST
• 3-BOREAL--
• 4-TUNDRAFAR NORTH
• PROBLEMS

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WATER FEATURES

• 4 KEY FACTS
• 1-IRREGULAR COASTLINESHARBORS
• Most importantNorth Seatrade/fishing/oil
• Baltic Sea-freezes in winter
• 2-NAVIGABLE RIVERS CANALS
• Rhinemost important
• Starts in Alps-----to North Sea
• Danube2nd most important
• Starts in S. Germany-----Black Sea
• 3-HEAVILY POLLUTED/OVERUSED FOR TRADE
• 4-Bosporus Straitwater border between Europe
  Asia

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RESOURCES

• 1-FORESTSMOST ARE GONE EXCEPT FINLAND SWEDEN
• PROBLEMS
• SOLUTIONS
• 2-SOILOVERUSED BUT HIGH TECH FARMS ARE VERY
  PRODUCTIVE
• Loess
• Alluvial Soil-
• Northern European Plain
• ½ of land used for farming
• Types of crops--

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Resources Continued

• 3-FISHING
• North Sea and North Atlantic
• 4-ENERGY MINERALS
• A-coal
• Germany, Britain Poland
• B-Oil Natural Gas
• North Sea

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ENERGY MINERALS

• 1-COAL
• Germany, Britain Poland
• 2-OIL NATURAL GAS
• North Sea
• Britain Norway
• 3-HYDROELECTRICITY
• Where?
• 4-OTHER ITEMS
• Swedeniron ore (Kiruna)
• Italy--marble

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MICROSTATES

• UNIQUE TO EUROPE
• TINY NATIONS USUALLY SURROUNDED BY ANOTHER NATION
• EXAMPLES MONACO, VATICAN CITY, ANDORRA ETC.
• POSTAGE STAMPS TOURISM

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HISTORY OF EUROPE

• WAR CONQUEST
• GREEK EMPIRE 900 TO 300 B.C.
• 1ST IDEAS OF GOVERNMENT
• ART/BUILDINGS
• LARGE ARMIES TO EXPAND

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HISTORY CONTINUED

• ROMAN EMPIRE 200 B.C. TO 500 A.D.
• ITALY, ISRAEL, NORTH AFRICA
• ART/ BUILDINGS
• LARGE NAVY/ARMY
• GODS/GODDESSES

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HISTORY-3

• MIDDLE AGES 500-1500 A.D.
• LITTLE KINGDOMS
• WAR, FAMINE, DISEASE
• BLACK PLAGUE
• 1500 A.D. ITALY MOST IMPORTANT EUROPEAN NATION
• 2 KEY CITIESVENICE GENOA
• EXPLORE COLONIZE

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START OF IMPERIALISM

• WHY TAKE OVER OTHER NATIONS?
• LATE 1500S FRANCE, SPAIN, PORTUGAL ENGLAND
• 1600S-FRANCE CONTROL WESTERN CENTRAL EUROPE
• 1700-BRITAIN DEFEATS FRANCE SPAIN IN WAR
• BECOMES LARGEST POWER
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• NEED RESOURCES, LABOR MARKETS

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IMPERIALISM PART 2

• 1871-GERMANY BECOMES A LARGE POWER IN EUROPE
• ALLIANCE SYSTEM
• SECRET AGREEMENTS TO HELP EACH OTHER IN CASE OF
  AN ATTACK
• BALANCE OF POWER

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WORLD WAR I-1914-1918

• GERMANY AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE VS.
  BRITAIN/FRANCE/RUSSIA
• REASONS FOR FIGHTING
• Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of A-H empire
  by a Serb (Russian ally)
• Alliances force nations to help out
• Increased military means all conflict leads to
  war
• WinnersBritain/France/ US
• Losers-Germany/A-H empire (fell apart)

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After WWI

• Unstable governments
• Take land away from Germany
• Economic problemsno work, no trade, no food
• War debt of 30 bil
• Money is worthless
• GREAT DEPRESSION
• Rise of dictatorsHitler, Mussolini because of
  nationalism

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WORLD WAR 2 1939-45

• Germany invades Poland
• Germany takes land back in Czech, Austria etc.
• Axis PowersGermany, Italy Japan
• Allied Powers-US, France, Britan, USSR
• Holocaust

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After WW21945DIVISION OF GERMANY

• WEST
• Democratic
• Richer
• Rebuilt by US/Britain

• EAST
• Communist
• Controlled by USSR
• poorer

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COLD WAR 1945-89

• ARMS RACE
• SPACE RACE
• NATO
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Military agreement
• Stop spread of communism
• MARSHALL PLAN
• Economic agreements
• Rebuild Western Europe

• WARSAW PACT
• Military agreement
• Spread communism
• USSR/Eastern European nations
• COMECON
• Economic agreement to rebuild Eastern Europe