Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun

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Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun

• Section 1 Earth in Space

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Section 1 Earth in Space Objectives

• After this lesson, you should be able to
• Identify the effects of Earths rotation and
  revolution
• Explain what causes the seasons

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Vocab

• 1. astronomyThe study of the moon, stars, and
  other objects in space.

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• 2. axisAn imaginary line that passes through
  Earths center and the North and South poles,
  about which Earth rotates.

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• 3. rotationThe spinning motion of a planet
  about its axis.

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• 4. revolutionThe movement of an object around
  another object.

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• 5. orbitThe path of an object as it revolves
  around another object in space.

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• 6. solsticeThe two days of the year on which
  the noon sun is directly overhead at either 23.5
  South or 23.5 North.

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• 7. equinoxThe two days of the year on which
  neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from
  the sun.

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• 8. vernal equinoxThe day of the year that marks
  the beginning of spring in the Northern
  Hemisphere.

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• 9. autumnal equinoxThe day of the year that
  marks the beginning of fall in the Northern
  Hemisphere.

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Notes

• 1. Earths _________________ on its
  ______________________ causes night and day

rotation
axis
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• 2. A point on the equator rotates at about
  _________ kilometers/hour

1,600
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• 3. Earths axis is tilted at an angle of
  ____________.

23.5
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• 4. We have seasons because

Its axis is tilted as it moves around the sun.
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• 5. The longest day of the year in the Northern
  hemisphere occurs on _____________(longest period
  of day light), while the shortest day occurs on
• ________________. (shortest period of day
  light)

June 21
December 21
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Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun

• Section 2 Earth in Space

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Section 2 Phases, Eclipses, and Tides
Objectives

• After this lesson, you should be able to
• Explain what causes the phases of the moon
• Compare the causes of solar and lunar eclipses
• Explain what causes the tides

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Vocab

• 1. phaseOne of the different shapes of the moon
  as seen from Earth.

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• 2. eclipseThe partial or total blocking of one
  object by another.

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• ADD to top of page.
• solar eclipseThe blocking of sunlight to Earth
  that occurs when the moon is between the sun and
  Earth.

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• 3. umbraThe darkest part of a shadow.

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• 4. penumbraThe part of a shadow surrounding the
  darkest part.

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• 5. lunar eclipseThe blocking of sunlight to the
  moon that occurs when Earth is directly between
  the sun and moon.

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• 6. tideThe rise and fall of the level of water
  in the ocean.

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• 7. gravityThe attractive force between two
  objects its magnitude depends on their masses
  and the distance between them.

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• 8. spring tideA tide with the greatest
  difference between low and high tides.

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• 9. neap tideA tide with the least difference
  between low and high tides.

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Notes

• 1. The positions of the _______, __________, and
  the _________
• cause the __________________,
• ______________, and _________.

moon
Earth
sun
phases of the moon
eclipses
tides
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phase

• 2. The ___________ of the moon you see depends on
  how much of the _________________ of the moon
  faces Earth.

Sunlit side
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Moons

• 3. When the _________________ shadow hits Earth
  or the Earths _____________ hits the
  _______________, an ______________ occurs.

shadow
moon
eclipse
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• 4. Lunar eclipses only occur during a _________
  _________.

moon
full
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Tides

• 5. __________ occur mainly because of the
  differences in how much the __________ pulls on
  different parts of the Earth.

moon
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Intertidal zone

• 6. An ________________ is a strip of land that is
  under water at high tide and dry land at low tide.

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Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun

• Section 3 Rockets and Satellites

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Section 3 Rockets and Satellites Objectives

• After this lesson, you should be able to
• Explain how rockets travel in space
• Describe what satellites and space stations are
  used for

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• 1. satelliteAny object that revolves around
  another object in space.

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• 2. geosynchronous orbitThe orbit of a
  satellite that revolves around Earth at the same
  rate that Earth rotates.

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Sputnik 1

• 1. _____________ was the first artificial
  satellite launched in to orbit.

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Yuri Gagarin

• 2. ____________________became the first human
  launched into space on _______________________.

April 12, 1961
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• 3. Four uses for satellites and space stations
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D

communication
navigation
collect weather data
research
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• 4. The first Space Shuttle was launched in
  ________________.

1981
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Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and Sun

• Section 4 Earths Moon

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Section 4 Earths Moon Objectives

• After this lesson, you should be able to
• Describe features of the moons surface
• Explain what scientists learned about the moon
  from space exploration
• Describe the origin and structure of the moon.

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• 1. telescopeA device built to study distant
  objects by making them appear closer.

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• 2. craterA round pit on the moons surface.

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• 3. mariaDark, flat regions on the moons
  surface.

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Notes

• 1. The moons gravity is only about ___________
  as strongs as Earths.

One-sixth
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3,476

• 2. The moon is ________ kilometers in diameter
  a little less than the distance across the
  __________________.

United States
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• 3. Three features of the moon include
  _________________, _______________, and
  _____________________.

craters
highlands
maria (each one is a mare)
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Neil Armstrong

• 4. _______________ was the first man to walk the
  moon.