Homework Bell Ringer

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Homework Bell Ringer

• What religious official was the advisor to young
  Louis XIII of Three Musketeer Fame?

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Homework Bell Ringer

• What Austrian-born French Queen is responsible
  for the gardens of the palace of Versailles? You
  might say that she lost her head over her
  gorgeous tulips.

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Rise of AbsolutismRenaissance Politics
In your notebooks list 4 things that you
believe an Absolute Monarch would control in
his/her country
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• Absolute monarchy or absolutism meant that
  thesovereign power or ultimate authority in the
  staterested in the hands of a king who claimed
  to rule bydivine right (will of God).
• Sovereign power consisted of the authority to
• make laws,
• tax,
• administer justice,
• control the state's administrative system,
• determine foreign policy.

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Practice Regents
. . . The power of God can be felt in a moment
from one end of the world to the other the
royal power acts simultaneously throughout the
kingdom. It holds the whole kingdom in position
just as God holds the whole world. If God were to
withdraw his hand, the entire world would return
to nothing if authority ceases in the kingdom,
all lapses into confusion. . . . Bishop
Jacques-Benigne Bossuet This passage describes
the idea of (1) divine right rule (2)
parliamentary democracy (3) Marxism (4)
totalitarianism Which historical era is most
closely associated with this passage? (1)
Industrial Revolution (2) Agricultural
Revolution (3) Age of Imperialism (4) Age of
Absolutism
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What led to the rise of Absolutism in 17th
century?

• Rise of concept of nation state. (competing with
  other countries ex. 100 Yrs War)
• Writers like Machiavelli the Prince
• Lessoning control of the Catholic Church due to
  Protestant Reformation (1400s)
• Expanding wealth of nations due to imperialism
  (1500s) giving rise to huge armies

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French Absolutism

• Ancien Regime
• (17th 18th century)

The Best Example of Absolutism to Study
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Renaissance France - Politics

• Religious Wars in France 1560 1598 - Catholics
  vs. Huguenots
• Catherine de Medici was queen mother of France
  wealthy, intelligent and connected to the current
  Pope Clemens

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• In 1572, 1000s of Huguenots fill Paris to
  celebrate the marriage of Catherines daughter to
  Henry of Navarre (Huguenot). During the wedding,
  Catherine sends out soldiers to kill the
  Huguenots 10,000 die in what is known as the
  St. Bartholomews Day Massacre.

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Henry of Navarre becomes Henry IV (House of
Bourbon) ends civil war by converting to
Catholicism and promoting religious tolerance
through Edict of Nantes (1598) allows
Protestants right to worship freely and hold
office.
Henry IV was popular with peasantry (Chicken in
every pot), but was assassinated by Catholic
fundamentalists.
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Monarchy taken up by his young son, Louis XIII
(1610-1643). So young, that he allows Cardinal
Richelieu (of Three Musketeer fame) rule as Prime
Minister. - Disbands Estates-General (their
legislative body) initiating absolutism (1614)
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Cardinal RichelieuPrime Minister of France 1621
- 1642    If you give me six lines writtenby
the most honest man, I will findsomething in
them to hang him.                              
Cardinal Richelieu
Responsible for restoring stability of French
Nation after death of Henry IV. Believed that
the king should rule absolutely believed people
to be mules that had to be driven. Created
local officers intendants to act as spies and
tax collectors. Forced nobles to tear down
castle walls. Alienated peasants and nobles to
king. Gave titles of nobles to merchants who
succeeded in commercial ventures. He would
appoint these new nobles to administration.
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Louis XIV Letat, cest moi. (1643-1715)
Louis XIV of France ranks as one of the most
remarkable monarchs in history. He reigned for 72
years, 54 of them he personally controlled French
government. His rule has been hailed as the
supreme example of a type of government -
absolutism. Louis inherited a kingdom that was
internally divided, militarily exhausted, and
nearly bankrupt. He left to his heirs the
greatest power in the Western world.
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Louis XIV became king at the age of 4
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• Louis XIVs main achievements
• expanding the effectiveness of the central
  government (made army have uniforms and ranks)
• increasing the boundaries of France to the north
  and east,
• placing one of his grandsons on the throne of
  Spain.
• Revoked the Edict of Nantes and began persecuting
  Huguenots.

The economy suffered during the long years of
war, taxes increased, and the countryside was
left vulnerable to punishing famines.
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Louis XIV chose the sun as his emblem. The sun
was associated with Apollo, god of peace and
arts, and was also the heavenly body which gave
life to all things, regulating everything as it
rose and set. Like Apollo, the warrior-king Louis
XIV brought peace, was a patron of the arts, and
dispensed his bounty.
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Palace of Versailles
Versailles and its Gardens count among the
worlds most prestigious monuments and are
certainly the finest achievement of 17th century
French art.
http//en.chateauversailles.fr/the-palace-
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King Louis XIII's former hunting lodge was
transformed and enlarged by his son Louis XIV,
who installed his court and government here.
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The Château was embellished with new apartments
during the 18th century, in the reigns of Louis
XV and Louis XVI. The royal family and the court
were forced to leave Versailles on October 6th
1789, after the first days of the French
Revolution.
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Ambassador Staircase, Versailles
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Hall of mirrors where Treaty of Versailles signed
in 1919. Lit by 4,000 candles in silver
chandeliers.
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Napoleons Throne
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Garden of Marie Antoinette, there was over 20,000
acres of formal gardens
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Versailles is known for 1,400 artistic sculptural
fountains
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How could Louis XIV afford this?

• Jean Baptiste Colbert successfully managed royal
  finances.
• Reformed tax collection to avoid corruption
• Increased tax by promoting new industry and
  mercantilism
• Encouraged colonies and high import tariffs.