The Republicans Take Power

1
The Republicans Take Power
2
Election of 1800
Federalists
John Adams V.P.-
Charles Pinckney
3
Election of 1800
Republicans
Thomas Jefferson V.P - Aaron Burr
4
The Campaign

• Neither candidate traveled the country making
  speeches about why he should be elected.
• The candidates wrote letters to leading citizens
  and newspapers proclaiming their views.

5
(No Transcript)
6
Election Deadlock

• When the members of the electoral college voted,
  Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes. This
  tied the two candidates. It was up to the House
  of Representatives to break the tie. Alexander
  Hamilton urged one Federalist to vote for
  Jefferson

• In 1800 the candidate who received the
  second-highest number of votes (no matter the
  party of the winner) in the electoral system won
  the vice presidency.

7
The Aftermath

• Congress understood that the electoral process
  needed some changes. In 1804 they passed the
  12th amendment to the constitution. Instead of
  having a first and second place method to
  electing the president, electors now cast
  separate ballots electing a president and a
  vice-president.

8
President Jefferson

• Inaugurated March 4th, 1801.
• Jefferson believed in reducing the power and size
  of the federal government. These ideas were
  similar to the French philosophy of
  laissez-faire, which means let the people do as
  they please.

9
Jeffersons Policies

• Jefferson believed the strength of the U.S. was
  its independent farmers.
• He believed as long as most people owned their
  own property they would fight to protect their
  rights and to preserve the Republic. For this
  reason he favored expanding the nation Westward.
• He also believed the government should be kept
  small.

10
Jeffersons Cabinet

• Secretary of State James Madison.
• Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin.
• They allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to
  expire and repealed the Naturalization Act.

11
Cutting Costs

• Jefferson and Gallatin aimed to reduce the
  national debt. They cut costs by scaling down
  military expenses.
• Government funds would come from customs duties,
  which are taxes on foreign imported goods, and
  from the sale of western lands.
• In Jeffersons view the government should be
  limited to delivering the mail, collecting
  customs duties, and conducting a census every 10
  years.

12
Jefferson and the Courts

• Before Jefferson took office the Judiciary Act of
  1801 was passed. It set up regional courts for
  the U.S. with 16 judges and many other officials.
• Federalist John Marshall was named Chief Justice
  by John Adams.
• Midnight judges last minute appointments.
• One commission not delivered was for William
  Marbury. Jefferson told Madison not to deliver
  it.

13
Marbury v. Madison

• To force delivery Marbury took his case to the
  Supreme Court. Marshall turned down Marburys
  claim. He noted that the constitution did not
  give the Court jurisdiction to decide the case.

14
John Marshall

• Three principles of Judicial Review.
• The Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
• When there is a conflict between the Constitution
  and any other law, the Constitution must be
  followed.
• The Judicial branch has a duty to uphold the
  Constitution. It must be able to determine when
  a federal law conflicts with the Constitution and
  to nullify, or cancel, unconstitutional laws.

15
The Louisiana Purchase

• Americans moved west for land and adventure.
• In 1800, the territory of the U.S. extended only
  as far as the Mississippi River. The area west of
  the river was known as the Louisiana Territory
  and belonged to Spain.
•  
• 1n 1802, Spain changed their policy of allowing
  Americans to use the Mississippi River and the
  port of New Orleans_. They made a secret
  agreement to transfer that land to _France.
• Napolean Bonaparte was the new leader of France.
•  

16

• In 1803, Napoleon agreed to sale the entire
  Louisiana Territory to the United States for
  __15_ million dollars. This purchase doubled the
  size of the US and made the Rocky Mountains the
  new border.
•  
• Jefferson persuaded Congress to send an
  expedition to explore the new territory. He chose
  Meriwether Lewis to head the expedition. The
  co-leader was William Clark. The expedition left
  St. Louis, Missouri in the spring of 1804. A
  young Shoshone woman named Sacagawea joined their
  group as a guide. After 18 months and nearly
  4,000 miles they reached the Pacific Ocean.
•  

17

• Lewis and Clark returned in September 1806. They
  collected valuable information on people, plants,
  animals and the geography of the west. It also
  opened up a way of trade and settlement for the
  new nation and gave the US a strong claim to the
  Oregon country.
•  
•  

18

• Federalists opposed the Louisiana Purchase
  because they feared any new states made from it
  would become Democratic-Republican. They plotted
  to secede from the Union. They turned to Aaron
  Burr for support. When Alexander Hamilton
  accused Burr of plotting treason,
• Aaron Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel.
  Hamilton was seriously wounded and died the next
  day.