Unit Six

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Unit Six

• A.D. 1046 - 1305

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Unit Six Lesson One

• Objective To explore the cause of the Schism of
  1054 and the Gregorian Reform

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Schism of 1054

• Schism Break
• In the beginning of the 11th century the Church
  in the Western part of Europe and the Church in
  the Eastern part of Europe began to argue
• The Authority of the Pope
• Celibacy of priests

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Schism of 1054

• In 1054 these disagreements caused a split in the
  Church that remains today.
• The Western Church is known as the Roman Catholic
  Church
• The Eastern Church is known as the Eastern
  Orthodox Church
• Both Churches share the same basic creed, moral
  code, liturgical tradition, and sacramental
  practices.

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A Need for Reform

• In 1046 German emperor Henry III was visiting
  Rome and became very angry.
• Three bishops claimed to be Pope at the same time
• Each one was backed by a different family of
  Roman nobles who wanted the power and wealth that
  came with begin Pope.
• Henry III dismissed all three bishops and
  appointed a German born Pope.

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A Need for Reform

• German Pope Leo IX (1048 - 1054) began a reform
  movement that had a lasting affect on the Church.
• Reform movement reached a climax under Pope
  Gregory VII (1073-1085)
• We call this reform the Gregorian Reform.
• The Gregorian Reform was supported by thousands
  of clergy and laity

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Pope Gregory VII
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A Need for Reform

• First problem that needed to be solved was the
  practice of laypeople appointing priests,
  bishops and Popes.
• Reformers called this practice lay investiture.
• Gregorian Reform lasted almost 70 years.
• In 1122 Pope Callistus II and Emperor Henry VI
  signed the Concordat of Worms
• This treaty guaranteed the right of the Church to
  choose its own leaders

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A Need for Reform

• Under Gregorian Reform priests were no longer
  allow to marry.
• Those priests who were already married had to
  leave their wives.

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Thomas Beckett

• Gregorian Reform caused conflict between the
  clergy and secular Kings of Europe.
• An example of this conflict is seen in England in
  1170.
• King Henry II appointed his friend Thomas Beckett
  Archbishop of Canterbury.
• Thomas became a great champion of the poor and
  upset Henry with his sermons
• Four knights murdered Beckett on the alter of his
  church on January 29th 1170.

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Unit Six Lesson 2

• Objective To explore how the Crusades failed to
  achieve their objectives.

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Christianity The Second One Thousand Years

• DVD 2Crusades
• The Fall of Constantinople

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Innocent III

• After the Gregorian Reform the Church and Pope
  became highly respected
• People looked to the Pope for moral and spiritual
  guidance
• Canon Law is the name we give to the laws of the
  Church

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The Crusades

• Pope Innocent III had a dream of recapturing the
  Holy Land from the Muslims.
• From 1094 to 1204 the Crusades, Holy Wars to win
  the Holy Land were undertaken.

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The Crusades
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The Crusades

• First Crusade began in 1095 when Pope Urban II
  issued a public appeal to the nobles and Knights
  of Europe to liberate the Holy Land.
• The crusade was a disaster from the beginning
  when untrained soldiers massacred Jews.
• They did capture Jerusalem from the Muslims in
  1099.
• 50 years later the Muslims recaptured Jerusalem

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The Crusades

• This sparked the Second and Third Crusades to try
  to win back Jerusalem. The crusades were a
  failure.
• In 1204 the Fourth Crusade was organized by Pope
  Innocent III.
• This Crusade was a disgrace. Instead of attacking
  Muslims in Jerusalem the crusaders turned against
  Christians in Constantinople.
• Today we realize that the Crusades were an
  embarrassment to the Catholic Church because we
  know the gospel should never be spread through
  violence.

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Hagia Sofia
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Unit Six Lesson 3

• Objective To explore how the friars improved the
  Church.

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Christianity The Second One Thousand Years

• DVD 2St. Dominic
• Birth of Spain

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The Culture of Christendom

• Christianity is the religion of the followers of
  Jesus Christ
• Christendom refers to the cultural world that
  came into existence during the High Middle Ages
  in Europe.
• This was a period where nearly everyone was
  Catholic and Catholicism influenced every aspect
  of life.

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Threats from Within

• Church fought against anyone who taught false
  truths. They were called heretics and their
  teachings were known as heresy.
• Sometimes even those who criticized the Church in
  a faithful way were called heretics.
• Fear of heresy led to what has been called the
  Inquisition.

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Threats from Within

• The Inquisition began in 1231 and was a official
  Catholic court that was charged with
  investigating and punishing heretics.
• Sometimes the punishment was prison, fines,
  torture and even death.
• Its hard to imagine that the Catholic Church in
  the name of the gospels burned people alive.

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The Coming of the Friars

• There were people who wanted to return the Church
  to the true gospel message
• At this time many people were moving from the
  country into cities. This led to the creation of
  the Urban Poor.
• No help for this group of people existed. To fill
  this need a new kind of religious order was
  created called the friars.
• Two of the first friars were St. Francis of
  Assisi and Saint Dominic.

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The Coming of the Friars

• St. Francis of Assisi (1181-1226) began the
  Franciscans
• St. Dominic (1170-1221) began the Dominicans
• St. Claire (1194-1253)

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In Class Assignment

• Visit Assumption Church to view the various types
  of Stained Glass windows.

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Unit Six Lesson 4

• Objective To appreciate the various expressions
  of faith in the High Middle Ages.

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Expressions of Faith

• Soon other orders of friars began like the
  Carmelites and the Augustinians.
• These orders were known as mendicant or begging
  orders because they helped the needy through
  donations
• The friars affected the lives of Catholics by
  bringing the Church closer to the people. They
  introduced the Rosary, Stations of the Cross and
  the Christmas Creche.

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Gothic Architecture

• The most lasting physical monuments to
  Christendom are the cathedrals and churches built
  in the Gothic style
• Gothic architecture became popular in 1150.
• Churches were very plain but Gothic churches
  soared up toward heaven with beautiful stained
  glass windows.
• Called the Bible of the Poor.

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Example of an Early Church
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Example of a Gothic Church
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Rose Window
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Rose Window
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Education and Learning

• By the 12th century universities were being
  created and run by the monks and friars.
• Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) is the best know of
  the medieval scholars.
• A Dominican friar who studied all faith and
  religions
• truth cannot contradict truth