Ch. 6 Spanish Louisiana

1
Ch. 6 Spanish Louisiana
2
The Big Secret.

• The people of Louisiana did not learn of the
  transfer to Spain until a year later!
• Treaty of Fontainebleau
• They were furious!!

3
Name Change

• French called it Louisiane
• Spanish called it Luisiana
• People of the colony accepted a combination of
  the two and called it Louisiana

4
French Still in Charge

• Even though Spain technically owned Louisiana the
  French were still running it.
• Spain had little money was involved in European
  affairs.

5
Antonio de Ulloa The New Spanish Government

• Ulloa is the 1st Spanish governor
• His personality conflicted with the vibrant life
  of the colony the French living in the colony
  really didnt like him.

6
The Transfer of Power

• The Spanish knew that the French were unhappy.
• The Spanish told Ulloa to
• No drastic changes
• No ceremonies
• Sneak Spanish soldiers in

7
Ulloas Mistakes

• He never held a formal ceremony to make Louisiana
  Spanish
• He allowed the French flag to fly over the colony
  for a long period of time and didnt hold a
  formal ceremony when he raised the Spanish flag.
• He allowed the French government to still run the
  colony (The Superior Council)
• Ulloa appeared weak to colonists.

8
Unrest in the Colony

• Ulloa married someone from Peru, who was a
  mestizo.
• The French believed she was African Ulloa was
  breaking the Code Noir.
• Because of inflation Ulloa set prices for items
• Only allowed the Creoles to trade with Spanish.
• The Superior Council hated Ulloa and did not
  listen to him.

9
The Creole Revolution

• October 28, 1768
• Mobs disabled the cannons protecting New Orleans
• The next day 400 Creoles stormed the city and
  ordered Ulloa to leave.
• 5 days later Ulloa left for Cuba and without war
  the Creoles had forced the Spanish out.
• The Creoles wrote a letter to King Louis but he
  didnt respond.

10
The Spanish Return to Louisiana

• 1 year later
• 24 ships with 2000 sailors arrive in New Orleans
  and they are commanded by General Don Alejandro
  OReilly.
• He marched into the city and took control raising
  the Spanish flag.
• Aubry (head of Superior Council) handed power
  over to him.

11
Bloody OReilly

• OReilly arrested 13 men who planned the Creole
  Revolution. 12 were found guilty of treason.
• Some were killed by a firing squad some put in
  prison.
• Aubry gave up the names of those involved.
• After this no one would challenge Spanish
  authority in the colony.

12
Spanish Government in the Colony

• Spanish used
• Checks Balances
• King appointed the governor
• Divided Louisiana into 12 districts with a leader
  for each district
• Created 12 parishes or geographical divisions of
  the Catholic Church with a priest leading each
  parish
• Intendant was in charge of ALL economic affairs
• Cabildo city council replaced the Superior
  Council
• Governor was in charge
• Made laws, created taxes, advised the governor,
  etc.
• OReilly Code enforced Spanish law.

13
The Cabildo (Jackson Square)
14
Changes to the Code Noir

• Spanish Code Noir gave slaves more
• rights.
• Examples include
• Testify in court
• 30 minute lunch breaks / 2 hour dinner breaks
• Slaves could be freed at will without government
  approval
• Slaves could buy their own freedom
• Skilled slaves could work for a wage if they
  shared it with their owner and then save to buy
  freedom.
• Arbitrators were used when the slave master
  slave could not agree on a price.
• 1000s became free people of color had to carry
  manumission papers that proved they were free.

15
French Culture Survives Spanish Control of
Louisiana

• The Creoles began to accept Spanish rule and
  OReilly allowed French culture to survive.
• Creoles kept French language customs
• OReilly set the Spanish government firmly in
  place

16
Luis de Unzaga

• Replaced OReilly as governor
• Creoles liked Unzaga he married a local women
• The colony prospered
• Established the 1st public school
• Allowed trade with the English (this was illegal)
• Floating Warehouses

17
Unzaga Allows Illegal Trade with England
18
Unzaga The American Revolution

• 1776 Declaration of Independence
• Unzaga allowed English trade but did not like
  them and secretly supported the American
  colonists
• Oliver Pollock and helped the colonists. Unzaga
  sold gun powder to the Americans through Pollock.

19
Bernardo de Gálvez

• Very popular governor
• Worked with Pollock to get supplies to the
  American Colonists
• Medicine, clothing, weapons, etc.
• Eventually Spain France officially side with
  the Americans against England

20
Gálvez Fights the English

• The English had forts near New Orleans, Mobile
  and Baton Rouge.
• Galvez leads an expedition of 1500 Creoles,
  Spanish, slaves and Indians to attack the English
  forts
• American Revolution ends and treaties forces
  England to give independence to the American
  colonists and Florida and all of the Gulf Coast
  to Spain.

21
North American in 1783
22
Esteban Rodríguez Miró

• Became governor after Galvez
• Also very popular married a Louisiana women
• More people (settlers) came to Louisiana under
  Miró than any other governor.
• From 7500 to 50,000
• Offered Land Grants
• Tools, rooster, 2 hens, 2 pigs and supplies for a
  year
• Kaintocks
• Kentucky frontiersmen

23
The Isleños Islanders

• Came over from the Canary Islands because life
  was very difficult.
• Settled in St. Bernard, Ascension Plaquemines
• Hunters trappers
• Delacroix ("The Island"), Woods Lake, Reggio,
  Yscloskey, Shell Beach, and Hopedale.

24
Isleños Settle in Louisiana