Biology 322 Human Anatomy I

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Biology 322Human Anatomy I

• Blood

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Blood Volume Components Formed
Elements
Plasma pH
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Erythrocytes Primary Function Biconcave
disks 4.5-5.5
million per cubic millimeter 4.5-5.5 billion per
milliliter (cubic cm) Slightly higher in men
Normally survive
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Leukocytes (White blood cells) Five different
types of cells
All formed in bone marrow 4,000 to 10,000 per
cubic millimeter or 4,000,000 to 10,000,000
per milliliter (cubic centimeter)
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Each type has specific functions, but in
general Leukocytes function in body defenses
by Engulfing digesting invading organisms
debris Directly killing invading cells
Producing antibodies Secreting chemicals
which activate other immune cells Secreting
chemicals which promote inflammation
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Leukocytes Grouped into two Categories Abun
dant, distinct granules
Few, small granules
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Granular Leukocytes Named according to how
these granules react to routine lab
stains ("Wright's Stain" is most common)
The nucleus of each type also has a
characteristic shape and/or density
Three types
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Neutrophils Granules
Nucleus Also called
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Eosinophils Granules
Nucleus
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Basophils Granules
Nucleus
Outside of circulation
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Agranular Leukocytes Two unrelated types of
leukocytes, neither of which has
abundant granules
The nucleus of each type also has a
characteristic shape and density
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Monocytes Nucleus Cytoplasm
Outside of circulation
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Lymphocytes Nucleus Varying amounts of
cytoplasm
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Lymphocytes Two types of Lymphocytes
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All leukocytes formed in bone marrow, then enter
blood But
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Since they generally function outside of the
circulatory system, primarily in the connective
tissues of other organs, All leukocytes can leave
(and most can also reenter) the blood vessels by
a process called
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Platelets
250,000 to 500,000 per cubic millimeter
or 250,000,000 to 500,000,000 per milliliter
(cubic centimeter)
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Platelets Fragments