ORGANIC MOLECULES

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ORGANIC MOLECULES

• PROTEINS

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Protein-Rich Foods

• Poultry
• Red Meat
• Shellfish and fish
• Milk
• Yogurt
• Eggs

• Figs
• Nuts and Beans
• Apricots, Cherries, Grapes, Bananas
• Avocados.

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PROTEINS

• Made of C, H, O, N
• Monomer (subunit) Amino Acid
• Function Help the growth and maintenance of
  cells
• Another name for a protein is a polypeptide.

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AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES

• Amino acids are also called peptides
• A bond between two amino acids is called a
  peptide bond.
• Three names for the same molecule
• Amino acid chain
• polypeptide
• protein

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AMINO ACID STRUCTURE

• Amino acids are made of
• Central carbon (one carbon in the middle)
• 4 groups attached to the carbon
• Amino group (NH2 or NH3)
• Carboxyl group (COOH or COO-)
• Hydrogen group (H)
• Random group (Also called a side group or
  R-group)

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Example of an Amino Acid

• Where is the
• Hydrogen Group?
• Amino Group?
• Carboxyl Group?
• R-Group?

Carboxyl Group
Amino Group
Hydrogen Group
R - Group
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More Practice!
Hydrogen Group

• Where is the
• Hydrogen Group?
• Amino Group?
• Carboxyl Group?
• R-Group?

Carboxyl Group
Amino Group
R-Group
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One More!
Hydrogen Group

• Where is the
• Hydrogen Group?
• Amino Group?
• Carboxyl Group?
• R-Group?

Amino Group
Carboxyl Group
R-Group
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THE R GROUP

• There are 20 different R-groups (below are six of
  the 20)
• The R-group gives the amino acid its particular
  properties

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PROTEIN STRUCTURE

• There are 4 stages that proteins go through while
  being made
• Primary (1) (the first step)
• Secondary (2) (the second step)
• Tertiary (3) (the third step)
• Quaternary (4) (the fourth step)

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PRIMARY STRUCTURE (1st)

• First, the amino acids need to be put into the
  correct order
• (like putting beads on a necklace)

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SECONDARY STRUCTURE (2nd)

• Next, the primary structure (the string of beads)
  begins to fold or coil up.
• Different parts of the primary structure will
  coil (called alpha helices), and other parts will
  fold (called Beta-pleated sheets)

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TERTIARY STRUCTURE (3rd)

• Next, the secondary structure folds up on itself
  (the coils and folds all fold up on themselves to
  make a big ball)

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QUATERNARY STRUCTURE (4th)

• Two or more tertiary structures bonded together.
• Video Clip Protein Structure Folding

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Keratin

• Gives Strength to
• Skin
• Hair/Fur
• Nails
• Hooves
• Horns
• Teeth

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Muscles

• Tissue that allows movement of and within the
  body
• Skeletal muscle (attached to bones)
• Cardiac muscle (makes up the heart)
• Smooth muscle (makes up stomach, diaphragm)

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Hemoglobin

• A protein in blood cells that helps transport
  oxygen to tissues in the body

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Antibodies

• Proteins in the blood that help defend the body
  against diseases and infections

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Enzymes

• Proteins that help control reactions in a cell
  (like break down food).