Water Scarcity in Libya

1
Water Scarcity in Libya

• Adam Niznik

2
About Libya

• About 95 percent of the country is desert.
• Only 1.2 percent of the total area of the country
  is cultivable.
• About 93 percent of the land surface receives
  less than 100 mm of rain per year.

3
Libya Needs Water

• Libya is fifth on the list of the most water
  scarce countries on Earth.

4
Where do they get their water?

• Nearly all of Libyas water is fossil water, or
  groundwater that has remained sealed in an
  aquifer for a long period of time.

5
Why is it called Fossil Water?

• Fossil Water rests underground in "fossil
  aquifers" for thousands or even millions of
  years, just like a fossil.

6
Nubian Sandstone Aquifer

• Libyas source of fossil water comes from the
  Nubian Sandstone Aquifer, one of the most notable
  fossil water reserves

7
Why doesnt Libya have water?

• Libya has an increasing demand for fresh water,
  while fossil groundwater supply is limited.
• This situation of water supply has become more
  problematic with rapidly increasing population
  and low rainfall.

8
Effects of Water Scarcity

• Only very certain areas of the country are
  cultivable, approximately 1.2 percent, so
  Libyans can only live in the areas on top of the
  Nubian Sandstone Aquifer to farm and get their
  water.

9
Solutions to Water Scarcity

• Libya can review agricultural water policies in
  order to minimize some local deficits in water
  resources and to avoid a deterioration in water
  quality in the coastal areas.

10
Solutions Contd.

• Multiple desalination plants have been
  constructed, however, restrictions have been
  imposed by the high cost of energy and spare
  parts and they are mainly used for industrial
  purposes. If some of the plants are converted to
  be for the common citizens of Libya, the scarcity
  would be decreased some.

11
Sources

• http//www.springerlink.com/content/b1qv0273kt42p4
  l6/
• http//www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_reg
  ions/libya/index.stm
• http//growingblue.com/case-studies/the-nubian-san
  dstone-aquifer/

12
Mauritania's Water Crisis

• ByMaya McCrum

13
Problems in Mauritania

• Mauritania's water crisis is growing rapidly.From
  2009-2011 it has more then doubled.
• According to IRIN news without goverment help by
  suppling a pump or a desalination plant the taps
  are soon going to be drying up. (Mauritania
  Water Crisis)

14
Problems in Mauritania (Continued)

• And with the lake they used to get a majority
  of their water from rapidly drying up Mauritania
  needs help, fast.
• Now with a population increase more people need
  water, Water that is not there. Also any rain
  that does fall the ground absorbs due to the
  drought.

15
Effects of Water Scarcity

• Agriculture can not be grow making money scare in
  families.
• Can lead to diseases when water is taken from
  contaminated areas.

16
Effects of Water Scarcity (Cont.)

• The food that is able to be produced are mostly
  conatiminated.
• They are conataimed because of the water they use
  is.

17
Solutions to the Water Crisis

• Mauritania hopes to get something to purify the
  unclean water.
• With a 400 km coastline borders major areas in
  Mauritania making desalination a option.

18
Solutions to the Water Crisis (cont.)

• The only problem with a desalnation plant would
  be the energy used would be prohibited.
• According to Science America this would be the
  best option for them.

19
Work Cited

• scienceamerica.net
• irinnew.net
• www.thewaterproject.org

20
Water Scarcity in Sudan

• By Jacob Ondish

21
Sudan Without Water

• 12.3 million people do not have access to clean
  water
• There little rainfall
• 3 out 4 of the population does not have clean
  water

22
Causes of Water Scarcity

• The causes of water scarcity in Sudan is little
  rainfall. Though in the southwest of Sudan there
  is tropical rainforests that rain frequently. But
  this region is not habitable do to wild animals.
  The region of Sudan that is mainly inhabited is
  the northern Darfur and Northern states which is
  northwest on the map of Sudan. Since this region
  holds most of the population moving them towards
  a body of water cis out of the question, also is
  desalination.

23
Effects of Water Scarcity

• In Sudan, 2 of the water they get can be used
  for domestic use.
• Since there was no water, desertification is a
  big problem.

24
Solution to water Scarcity in Sudan

• Sudan's national solution to water scarcity is
  irrigation and Rainwater Harvesting RWH.
• They have considered desalination but have come
  to that they cannot afford it
• For the most part Sudan is a landlocked country
  so their only main source of water is irrigation
• But the body of water they are connected to is
  the red sea

25
What is Irrigation

• Irrigation is the process by which any artificial
  way of getting water is brought by that way.
• For Example Wells, Rivers, Lakes, and Reservoirs
• The only way Sudan can use irrigation is to
  irrigate wells and rivers. The main river that
  runs through Sudan and most of Africa is the
  Nile River.