NORTH AFRICA

1
NORTH AFRICA SOUTHWEST ASIA

• Physical
• Cultural
• Population
• Regional Imbalances
• Political Geography

2
NAMING THE REALM

• POPULAR LABELS
• DRY WORLD
• ARAB WORLD
• WORLD OF ISLAM (MUSLIM WORLD)
• MIDDLE EAST
• How is each of these names appropriate/inappropria
  te?

3
WATER - A RENEWABLE OR FINITE RESOURCE?

• Water is critical for life, food production, and
  industrial processes.
• 9 out of 14 Southwest Asian states face
  water-short conditions (the most concentrated
  region of scarcity in the world).
• The North African states all have rates of
  natural increase above 2.0, increasing the
  stress on water sources.

4
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

• The majority of the population in this realm
  lives not in the dry arid regions, but around
  water resources.
• - The Nile
• - Mediterranean Sea
• - Euphrates and Tigris Basins
• - Lower mountain slopes of Iran, south of the
  Caspian Sea

5
AN ARAB REALM

• Relates to language and culture
• Arabic Language
• Non-Arab States

6
ISLAMIC REALM?

• MUHAMMED (571- 632 AD)
• FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH

7
SUNNIS vs SHIITES

• Sunnis
• Shiites

8
THE IMPACT OF OIL

• High Incomes
• Modernization
• Industrialization
• Regional Disparities
• Foreign Investment

9
EGYPT AND THE LOWER NILE BASIN

• CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATION gt 5,000 YEARS
• IMPORTANCE OF NILE RIVER
• BASIN IRRIGATION
• PERENNIAL IRRIGATION - MID 1800s
• ASWAN HIGH DAM - 1968

10
THE MAGHREB AND LIBYA

• THE MAGHREB
• MOROCCO
• ALGERIA
• TUNISIA
• LIBYA

11
AFRICAN TRANSITION ZONE

• SAHEL
• ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
• CULTURAL AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY
• CONFLICT

12
MIDDLE EAST

• MIDDLE OF THE ISLAMIC REALM
• IRAQ, SYRIA, JORDAN, ISRAEL, LEBANON
• CENTER OF CONFLICT BETWEEN CHRISTIANS, JEWS, AND
  MUSLIMS
• SUNNI - SHIITE CONFLICT (WITHIN IRAQ AND
  THROUGHOUT THE REGION)

13
ISRAEL

• ZIONISM
• JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE
• CONFLICT BETWEEN ARABS AND JEWS
• UN PARTITION PLAN FOR PALESTINE
• 1948 ARAB INVASION (WAR OF INDEPENDENCE)
• ARMISTICE (1949)

14
STRUGGLE FOR JERUSALEM

• JUDAISM
• MUSLIMS
• CHRISTIANS

15
SAUDI ARABIAN PENINSULA

• SAUDI ARABIA, KUWAIT, BAHRAIN, QATAR, UNITED
  ARAB EMIRATES, OMAN, YEMEN
• OIL, DESERT, ISLAM, AND STRATEGIC LOCATION
• SAUDI ARABIA- 25.4 MILLION PEOPLE WITH THE
  WORLDS GREATEST OIL RESERVES

16
THE EMPIRE STATES

• TURKEY
• CYPRUS
• IRAN

17
TURKESTAN

• Kazakhstan
• Uzbekistan
• Turkmenistan
• Kyrgyzstan
• Tajikistan
• Afghanistan