Early United States History: 1789-1824

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Early United States History 1789-1824

• The Constitution and the Country Tested

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George Washington Domestic Policies

• As the first president, Washington had to set up
  the new government, promote the economy, and
  prove that the new government would work.
• Judiciary Act of 1789
• Cabinet Departments of War, State,
  and Treasury
• Hamiltons Financial Program
• Assumption of State Debts
• Excise Tax (Whiskey Tax)
• Tariffs Protect American Manufacturing
• Bank of the United States
• Whiskey Rebellion
• Farmers in Western Pennsylvania
• Washington raised and led an army of 15000 to
  stop
• Execute the Law (suppressing rebellion)

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Reaction to Hamiltons Financial Program

• Thomas Jefferson and James Madison vs. Alexander
  Hamilton
• Strict Construction vs. Loose Construction
• Creation of the first party system Federalists
  vs. Democrat-Republicans
• Federalists (Washington, Adams, Hamilton)
  Strengthen Federal Government, Loose
  Construction, Commercial Economy
• Democrat-Republicans (Madison, Jefferson) Weak
  Federal Government, More power in the states,
  Strict Construction, Agrarian Economy

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The Marshall Court

• John Marshall was Chief Justice from 1801-1835.
  He was a federalist and his decisions helped to
  promote their agenda.
• 1. Marbury v. Madison (1801)
• John Adams and Midnight Judges
• Judiciary Act of 1787 Unconstitutional
• 2. McCulloch v. Maryland
• - Bank of the United States
• - Elastic Clause - Bank is Constitutional
• 3. Gibbons v. Ogden
• - Ferry service on Hudson River
• - Fed Govt has the power to regulate commerce
• Overall Marshall Court increased power of
  federal government over that of the states,
  Judicial Activism

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George Washington Foreign Policy

• George Washingtons Foreign policy focused on
  establishing the independence and sovereignty of
  the United States and expanding the economy
  through trade.
• Neutrality Act (1793) French Revolution
• Jays Treaty (1794) Britain Impressments,
  Northwest, Trade
• Pickneys Treaty (1795) Spain Trade on the
  Mississippi River

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George Washingtons Farewell Address

• After two terms as President, Washington
  announced he would not run again. Set a two-term
  tradition that would last until the 1900s.
• Upon leaving office he published his farewell
  address where he warned Americans of
• 1. The danger of political parties
• 2. The danger of sectional factions and disputes
• 3. The danger of Entangling alliances expand
  commercial relations, not political with foreign
  nations

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The United States in the Years After Washington

• Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe
• Attempted to maintain American sovereignty and
  independence in the face of mounting pressures
  from European countries
• Attempted to resolve regional and political
  disputes that continued throughout the era
• Continued to grow the American Economy

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Sectional and Political Disputes After Washington

• Adams - Alien and Sedition Acts - Kentucky and
  Virginia Resolutions Jefferson and Madison
  -Nullification Doctrine
• Jefferson - Louisiana Purchase 1803 - 15
  Million France Agrarian Economy, Mississippi
  River, Strict Constructionist?
• Sectionalism North v. South - Tariffs, Internal
  Improvements Henry Clays American System
• Expansion of Slavery and the Missouri Compromise
  1820
• Statehood and Power 1111
• Missouri admitted as slave state, Maine as Free
  State
• 3630 line for remainder of Louisiana Purchase

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Foreign Policy After Washington

• Louisiana Purchase Jefferson - 15 Mil France
  Mississippi River and New Orleans
• War of 1812 Impressments, Trade, Northwest
  Respect as an Independent Nation
• Results Increase Nationalism, Economic
  Development
• Acquisition of Florida 1819- Spain
• Monroe Doctrine
• The Americas are no longer open to colonization
  by European powers European influence in Latin
  America is over

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Long term results of the Early American Era

• Unwritten Constitution- Precedent, Tradition,
  Custom
• Political Parties, The Cabinet, Judicial Review
• Congressional Committees and Lobbyists
• Flexibility and Change Elastic Clause and
  Commerce, Growth of the Power of the President
  (Neutrality, Suppressing Rebellion, Acquiring
  Land)
• Power Federal Government vs. Power of States
• Power of the Presidency, Power of Congress,
  Power of the Supreme Court
• 10th Amendment States Rights, Nullification
• Sectional Rivalries North v. South