World War One 1914 -1920

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World War One1914 -1920

• THE BIG PICTURE
• The United States tried to stay neutral when war
  swept Europe. After the United States joined the
  Allies in 1917, however, the government quickly
  mobilized the economy and public support.

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Map of Europe Quiz Moved to next class

• WARM UP FILL IN THE MAP WITH THE FOLLOWING
  THINGS (take 10 minutes)
• SEAS/Bodies of H2O North Sea, Black Sea,
  Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, Aegean Sea
• Countries/Capitals to remember
• Belgium-Brussels, Germany-Berlin, England (United
  Kingdom)- London, Ireland-Dublin, Spain-Madrid,
  Portugal-Lisbon, Italy-Rome, Austria-Vienna,
  Bosnia and Herzegovina-Sarajevo, Poland-Warsaw,
  Turkey-Ankara, Sweden-Stockholm, Russia-Moscow,
  Ukraine-Kiev, Hungary-Budapest, France-Paris

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• Objective Students will analyze the actions of
  the United States in the early years of World War
  One and the countrys entrance and participation
  in the war in order to evaluate the United State
  role in the conflict.
• Warm Up What is isolationism? Analyze the
  following Cartoon and answer the following
  questions.

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1. Describe the picture. What is happening?
2. What does the fence represent?
3. Outside the fence the billboards read To World
   business Highway and Europe. This cartoon was
   drawn in 1916, what are the two people fenced in
   from?

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Agenda What are we doing today?

• Warm Up In your group
• Fill in map of Europe and
• WW1 Document Analysis Packet

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Causes of the War

• M.A.I.N. Causes
• Military build up of military by competing
  countries
• As neighboring countries beefed up their
  military, other countries did the same
• Alliances Friendships and partnerships
• Everyone picked sides/friends in Europe, so if
  there ever was an issue theyd have
  alliances/partners
• Imperialism The scramble for oversea territory
• Large parts of Africa and Asia were
  controlled/annexed by European nations ? fight
  for who had the most/best territory
• Nationalism Strong passion for country
  (willingness to fight for country)
• Before Lords, vassals, feudal system and
  EMPIRES
• NOW More equality in country, nations were
  forming instead of large Empires (more love for a
  nation than LARGE EMPIRE)

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Then. An assassination causes war to ERUPT in
Europe

• 19 yr old Garvilo Princip wanted to FREE his
  homeland of BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA from the
  Austrian Empire
• Part of the terrorist group THE BLACK HAND
• The BLACK HAND came up with a terrorist plot to
  kill ARCH DUKE Franz Ferdinand when he was
  touring Sarajevo (parading in a open car)
• On the day of the attack Princip was hungry and
  went to buy and sandwich. When he came out of the
  sandwich shop there was the Arch Duke (off the
  parade course!)
• He took the opportunity, DROPPED THE SANDWICH,
  and shot the archduke!

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Alliances push Europe to WAR

• 1. After the assassination, Austrian government
  found out the Serbian government had supported
  the terrorist group. FURIOUS, they declared war
  on Serbia.
• 2. Russia promised to defend small little Serbia.
• 3. Germany felt Russias mobilization to help
  Serbia was an act of aggression (not defense) so
  they vowed to aid their allies the Austrians.
• 4. The Germany declared war of France (because
  they were Russias ally).

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German takeover of Belgium (to get to France)

• Schlieffen Plan August 4th 1914 the Germans
  crossed into NEUTRAL Belgium (which dragged
  England into War)
• German attack on tiny Belgium was HARSH and
  brutal
• Civilians caught in fight killed
• French/Belgium soldiers were 50 years behind the
  time (bright red uniforms, marched in a row on
  battlefield
• NOT prepared for Germans massive firepower
  (machine guns)

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War reaches a stalemate

• Battle of the Marne Germany was 25 miles from
  Paris French would NOT give up
• Underprepared, outnumbered the French fought a
  pushed Germans back 40 miles (cost them 250,000
  lives in 5 days)
• Battle ended in a stalemate Both sides dug
  trenches to protect position
• Trenches were 400 miles across Western Europe
• Trench warfare relatively new, soldiers lived in
  the trenches, and fought

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Gas masks not only protected soldiers from being
hit by the enemies gas, but also protected them
against their own gas bombs that were misfired or
misdirected due to wind
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New Weapons used in WW1

• Poisonous Gas very risky and controversial
• Armored Tank
• Airplane
• U Boat (submarine)
• Other (older) weapons used
• Machine Gun
• Rifles

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US and WW1

• President Wilson declare the US neutral shortly
  after war broke out in Europe (isolationism)
• US was not 100 neutral from 1914 1917
• Historic ties to Great Britain and France
• Financially made a lot of money selling war
  products to England as well
• Did not trade as much with Germany because of the
  British Blockade (of goods going to Germany)
• U Boats Germanys strike back on the British
  Blockade
• A submarine (unterseeboot)
• Unrestricted submarine warfare (attack all enemy
  ships around Great Britain

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Sinking of Lusitania end of neutrality

• President Wilson demanded an end to unrestricted
  submarine warfare (neutral citizens were getting
  killed)
• Germany half-heartedly aggreed to stop the
  action, but after killing 80 people on the French
  Sussex, they issued the Sussex pledge to keep the
  U.S. out of the War.
• Promise not to sink merchant vessels without
  warning

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ss
Mother and child, passengers of the Lusitania,
sinking after the explosion. Picture used to
encourage soldiers to enlist in the Army in US
and England.
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Zimmermann Note

• Telegram sent to a German official in Mexico,
  proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico.
• Germans hoped an American war with Mexico would
  keep us out of Europe
• It was intercepted by England who immediately
  gave it to the US
• American Newspapers ran the Note in the Papers
  and more Americans began calling for war

1. Why would England give the U.S. the note that was
   intercepted from Germany/Mexico? (What was their
   motive)?
2. The note was given to U.S. government officials
   (not the newspapers). Therefore the government
   had to give the newspapers this Note to be
   printed. What was their motive?

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US and World War One

• Objective Students will analyze the United
  States role in World War One to determine its
  importance in the outcome of the war. Students
  will evaluate primary sources from the home front
  to determine how WW1 effected citizens.
• Agenda
• Warm Up Questions 1-3 on Primary Source
  Analysis WKSHT
• Go over Harlem Renaissance Project/Course agenda
• Propaganda/ Advertisement Activity (50 minutes)
• HW Ch 18.3 worksheet and FIX/FINISH Class work
  from Last class

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US Finally enters the War in 1917

• Germany sank many U.S. boats (Lusitania, Sussex,
  etc.)
• Zimmerman Note
• Chaos in Russia Czar (King) is overthrown in a
  Revolution based on Bolshevism (Communism)
  Russia abandons the War to deal with internal
  chaos
• April 2nd, 1917 Wilson and cabinet members
  agreed to go to war so that the world could
• be made safe for democracy.

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War is fought in Europe and on the home front
How did America mobilize for War at home?

• Raise money Liberty bonds
• Citizens gave govt. and were guaranteed more
  in return at a later date
• Regulation of Industry make sure the necessary
  supplies were being made (guns, uniforms)
• Factories SWITCHED to war products A shoe
  factory that made High heels ? waterproof boots
• Regulation of food and consumer items to
  Americans RATIONS ? Food, metals, fuel
• Mobilizing a workforce ? LOCKED people into jobs,
  no quitting

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Scramble for mobilization

• US was not ready to send troops when we entered
  the war (did not have trained soldiers/units
  ready)
• American men first fought in English/French units
  because we werent mobilized/ready to fight when
  we entered the war ? Whoops!
• Started a draft (Selective Service Act) but
  trainees went to camp and found little supplies
  to train with (no guns, weapons to train with)

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Segregation in the Army

• African Americans fought in in Segregated Units
• White Southerners objected to the training of
  African Americans to use weapons and fight
  (scared)
• Might pose a threat after the war
• Many African American soldiers in War, but few
  trained for combat (cooks, cleaners, etc)
• Gave many a new feeling of power in a
• segregated/racist country

Harlem Hellfighters Served 191 days in the
trenches straight. Awarded a prestigious medal
for bravery.
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Committee on Public Information

• Nationwide campaign of PROPAGANDA
• Posters, newspaper stories, speeches and
  materials designed to influence peoples opinion
• The campaign was meant to encourage Americans to
  support the war
• Patriotic pamphlets and posters
• Anti-German feelings ? had to promote
  anti-German feelings because there was a large
  German immigrant population/like for Germany so
  many Americans were weary of fighting the Germans
  at first

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Is this Propaganda?What is the message (main
point) of this poster?
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• This picture picks on the idea of INDIVIDUALISM
• It puts the idea in their mind that EVERY person
  matters in the war effort

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• Notice the YOU is bolded, and hes pointing right
  at YOU. To provoke men to think about their
  individual importance to the war

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• Are you man enough?
• This image is using the idea of MANHOOD to push
  people into joining the Navy

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• This poster also uses the idea of every person is
  important for the war
• Immigrants can do their part by conserving food
• How do we know its for immigrants???

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How did the US pay for War?

• War Revenue Act of 1917 high taxes and taxed
  the wealthiest Americans the most (up to 77 of
  income) (100,000 23,000 left!!)
• Borrowed money National debt grew from 1.2
  billion to25.5 billion)
• Liberty Bonds (Loans from Americans) People gave
  the government money in return for a certificate
  (called a bond) guaranteeing them more money at a
  later date)

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• Espionage Act and Sedition Act Made it illegal
  to say or do anything against the American
  government
• Threat to war effort
• Keep country unified

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Schneck v. United States

• Supreme Court case where Charles Schneck
  protested his arrest under the Espionage Act
• He pushed men to OPPOSE the draft into the
  Military
• Ruled aganst Schneck UNANIMOUSLY (doesnt happen
  often)
• Said that it was a matter of NATIONAL SECURITY
• Similar to Patriot Act of September 2003
• What was/is the Patriot Act?

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End of World War One

• Objective Students will analyze the end of World
  War One to evaluate the Wars impact on the
  social, economic and political history of America
  in the 1920s
• Warm Up Create a PROPAGANDA campaign poster
  about one of the following War topics
• Enlistment and Recruitment into the Armed Forces
• Food/Fuel Administration (Conservation of
  supplies)
• Committee on Public Information (identifying the
  enemy and supporting the allies
  (Brittish/French))
• Role of Women (helping in factories, doing their
  part on the homefront)
• At your table everyone should have a different
  topic!!!

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The Armistice Peace w/out Victory

• America was the MUCH NEEDED RELEIF for the
  British/French side
• By late 1918 the war was crippling the German
  economy (people were starving, food riots,
  strikes)
• Revolution across Austria Hungry
• They didnt want to fight anymore!!
• Central Powers began to surrender
• November 11th, 1918 Armistice went into effect
• 8.5 million people dead
• Peace without Victory because no real winner
  ? everyone lost so much land/money/men ?

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14 Points Woodrow Wilson

• America acted as the father/leader in the peace
  proceedings ? They felt that they won the war
  for everyone else
• 14 Points Wilsons outline for a world peace
  made in a speech at end of War
• Open diplomacy, freedom of the seas
• Self-determination (right of people to decide
  what is best for their country)
• 14th Point League of Nations

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Paris Peace Conference

• Leaders met to negotiate after the War
• Treaty of Versailles
• Reparations (payments made for damages) by the
  Germans and Austrians to Allies
• U.S. gave up a lot of ideals (from 14 Points) for
  the 14th Point (League of Nations)
• BUT Wilson could not convince his own country
  about the League (people didnt want to be ruled
  by Europe
• Wilson died trying to campaign to pass the League

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Impact of War

• Political Impact Many new nations made out of
  the big empires
• Look at maps on page 610
• Where are the differences on the map?
• Economic impact countries devastated
• Germany had to pay back money they didnt have
  which threw their country into a WORSENED
  condition
• League of Nations Existed for many years w/
  many countries a part ? Except for United States
  (so it wasnt that affective)

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• What were two ways the government raised money to
  pay for the war?
• How did the Eighteenth Amendment help the war
  effort?
• Why did many workers join labor unions during the
  war?
• Why did Wilson form the Committee on Public
  Information?
• What was the result of Schenck v. United States
  Supreme Court Case?

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Answers

• What were two ways the government raised money to
  pay for the war?
• Taxes
• Liberty Bonds
• How did the Eighteenth Amendment help the war
  effort?
• It made making,selling, or drinking alchohol
  illegal, so grain could be given to the Soldiers

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• Why did many workers join labor unions during the
  war?
• Workers were in high demand, Profits and Prices
  were going up, but NOT wages
• Why did Wilson form the Committee on Public
  Information?
• To change the minds of those Americans who had
  been against the war
• Keep the country unified in the war effort
• What was the result of Schenck v. United States
  Supreme Court Case?
• S.C. ruled that freedom of speech could be
  limited if it caused danger for the country

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Monday, January 10th

• Objective Students will analyze the United
  States effort in World War Two by analyzing
  primary source documents to understand how
  propaganda influenced citizens action
• Agenda Warm Up Write a paragraph explaining how
  American citizens were effected by World War I on
  the home front using the following terms. Make
  sure ALL terms are EXPLAINED thoroughly!
• Sussex Pledge
• Zimmerman Note
• Liberty Bonds
• Committee of Public Information
• Propaganda
• Shneck v. United States

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Friday, January 14th

• Objective Students will explore the different
  perspectives and points of view during World War
  One in order to see how different countries and
  people were affected by the war
• Warm Up Write a I AM poem about YOU IN THIS
  CLASS called I AM A STUDENT
• I AMa student
• I WONDER.what the homework is
• I HEARlots of students talking
• Class work Discuss I AM poems as a class. Ms.
  Power will give you a topic for WW1 and then you
  will write an I AM poem from that perspective
• WHEN DONE.. MAKE UP WORK!!!! (last day to submit
  is TODAY)

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I AM Poem WW1

• Ms. Power will give you a topic/object/person
• Fill in the lines of the I AM poem based on
  that person/