Foruds

1
Forudsætninger for brugen af den tilgængelige
information

• Informationen, der ligger til grund for denne
  præsentation, er udgivet til fri afbenyttelse i
  forbindelse med videnformidling om dansk
  frøarbejde. Eneste betingelse er, at der bliver
  refereret til Danseed.
• Ligeledes må de mange billeder benyttes til
  videnformidling, forudsat at de bliver krediteret
  til angivne ophavsmænd eller til Danseed hvis
  ingen anden kilde er angivet.
• Med venlig hilsen
• Danseed Center for Frøvidenskab

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Indholdsfortegnelse

• Kort introduktion (THO)
• Korn (JRJ)
• Markfrø (BIO)
• Havefrø (BIO)
• Træfrø (MJ)
• Roefrø (HC)
• Organisering (THO)
• Uddannelse (CHOL)
• Frøkontrol (ULBM)
• Sameksistens (BIO)
• Nordisk Genbank (CA)
• Udviklingslande (OSL)
• Teknologi (BIO)
• Danske aktører (SVTN)

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Introduktion

• Thomas Holst
• Dansk Landbrug, Frøsektionen

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Under udarbejdelse
Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet
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Korn

• Johannes Ravn Jørgensen
• Aarhus Universitet

Cerealienetværket http//www.cernet.dk/
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Hvede anvendelse - global

• Hvede er primært anvendt til human ernæring
• Hvede kvalitet
• Udbytte
• Forarbejdningsegnethed
• ensartethed, farve, udseende, kemisk sammensætning

Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Rug anvendelse - global

• Rug er som brødkorn kun overgået af hvede i
  betydning, og det vigtigste brødkorn i
  Skandinavien og Østeuropa
• Uden for Europa er rug hovedsageligt brugt til
  fodder
• En lille del anvendes til destillering

Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Byg anvendelse - global

• Den primære udnyttelse af byg er til
• foder for husdyr, især svin
• til maltning og brygning ved fremstilling af øl
  og ved destillation til whisky
• Til human ernæring

Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Havre anvendelse - global

• En lille del af havre-produktionen formales til
  produkter der indgår i den humane diæt
• havremel til grød og havrekager
• valset havre til grød,mel, babymad og til
  fremstilling af morgemadsprodukter
• Hovedparten anvendes dog til foder, traditionelt
  heste.

Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Produktion og anvendelse af korn i Danmark
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Anvendelse af korn i Danmark
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Kvalitetsanalyser i korn

• Foder
• Energi
• Stivelse
• Protein
• Mykotoxiner

• Brødhvede
• Meludbytte
• Protein/gluten
• Faldtal
• Mykotoxiner

• Maltbyg
• Spireenergi
• Protein
• Fusarium
• Kernestørrelse

Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Kornkvalitet

• Fysiske egenskaber
• Sundhed
• Renhed
• Skader
• Vitalitet

• Kemiske egenskaber
• Kemiske indholdsstoffer
• Uønskede sporstoffer
• Proces kvalitet

Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Kornkvalitet fysiske og kemiske egenskaber
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Markfrø
Det regionale vækstmiljø Frøvækst Øst
http//www.froevaekst.dk/ Det regionale
teknologicenter Seedland http//www.seedland.dk/

• Birte Boelt
• Aarhus Universitet

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Under udarbejdelse
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Havefrø
Det regionale vækstmiljø Frøvækst Øst
http//www.froevaekst.dk/ Det regionale
teknologicenter Seedland http//www.seedland.dk/

• Birte Boelt
• Aarhus Universitet

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Grass seed production area
The Danish Seed Council
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Production area EU-25
The Danish Seed Council
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Species in production in Denmark

• Main species
• Perennial ryegrass
• Red fescue
• Kentucky bluegrass

• Others
• Tall Fescue
• Cocksfoot
• Italian ryegrass
• Hybrid ryegrass
• Meadow Fescue
• Timothy
• Bentgrass

Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Danish production area
The Danish Seed Council
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Restrictions on pesticide use

• Tax on pesticides
• Restrictions on a national level
• No specific restrictions at farm level
• Registered pesticides
• Many pesticides are not registered anymore
• Few new products
• Off label use

Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Registered pesticides

• Many pesticides are not registered anymore
• Few new products
• Off label use

Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Restrictions on nitrogen use

• Crop standard
• 10-15 below economic optimal rate
• Total amount of Nitrogen per farm per year
• Nitrogen budgets

Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Establishment
Light and space especially for slow growing
species
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Screening of Pesticides
Flowering
6 tillers
2-4 leaves
Control 25
50 100 200 g/ha
Solvejg K. Mathiassen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Spinach seed production- more than 70 of world
production
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Vegetable and flower seed
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Seed tecnology
Image analysis
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Træfrø

• Martin Jensen
• Aarhus Universitet

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Under udarbejdelse
Martin Jensen, Aarhus Universitet
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Roefrø

• ?
• ?

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Under udarbejdelse
?, ?
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Organisering af markfrøbranchen

• Thomas Holst
• Dansk Landbrug, Frøsektionen

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Aktører i den danske frøbranche

• 4.000 frøavlere
• Markfrøfirmaer m. kontraktavl
• 2 danske
• 1 hollandsk
• Dansk Planteforædling A/S
• Dansk Landbrug (Frøsektionen)
• Forskning og forsøg
• Forskningsprogram frøavl
• AU DJF, Frøafgiftsfonden, DFFE innovationsloven
• Projekter finansieret direkte af Frøafgiftsfonden
• Dansk Landbrugsrådgivning, Landscentret
• AU DJF
• KU LIFE

Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet
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Uddannelse

• Christian Olsen
• Selandia, CEU

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The Danish education system
)
Primary and lower secondary school
http//www.studyindenmark.dk
) After schoolstart 7 years old.
Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse
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Education in Agriculture
Links http//www.ug.dk/Internationalt.aspx
/ http//www.studyindenmark.dk/
Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse
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Frøkontrol

• Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen
• Plantedirektoratet

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Seed testing since 1871
E. Møller-Holst
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
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Training
www.danseed.dk/training
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
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Expert assistance
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
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Authorisation
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
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Sameksistens

• Birte Boelt
• Aarhus Universitet

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Sameksistens / Coexistence
Denmark first EU country to make rules on
coexistence between genetically modified,
conventional and organic crops
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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The Danish model

• Coexistence
• Three groups appointed
• The expert group (scientific analysis)
• The legal group (liability)
• The contact group (stakeholders)

Scientific report Discussions
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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"Act on the Growing etc. of Genetically Modified
Crops"

• Danish Act No. 436 of 9 June 2004
• http//www.fvm.dk/fvm_uk
• Ministerial order 31 March, 2005
• Revision ? March 2008
• - applies to commercial growing, handling, sale
  and transport of genetically modified crops as
  far as the first buyer

Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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The Act implies rules for

• Control measures
• isolation distance, cropping intervals, cleaning
  of farm equipment, handling and storage
  facilities
• Education and certification
• Information / communication
• Liability and compensation

Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
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Nordic Gene Bank

• Christian Andreasen
• Københavns Universitet

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Nordic Gene Bank

• A presentationUtilizing Gene Banks today -
  Key words Focus Diversification

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Nordic Gene Bank

• Who we are
• Material
• Documentation
• International collaboration
• Utilization
• Global Seed Vault - Svalbard

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Nordic Gene Bank

• What we do
• Collect, Secure - and Use
• Conserve and document genetic variation
• in Nordic material from plant species
• useful for agriculture and horticulture.
• Make genetic resources
• and allied information available
• for plant breeding, research
• and any other bona fide use.

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Nordic Gene Bank

• What we do... - Mandate
• The Nordic Gene Bank (NGB), an institution which
• Reports to the Nordic Council of Ministers
• Is a centre for the conservation and utilization
  of plant genetic resources in the Nordic
  countries
• Has mandate to conserve and document the genetic
  variation in Nordic material from plant species
  useful for agriculture and horticulture
• Is to make stored material available for plant
  breeding, research and any other bona fide use
• Is to foster rational co-operation between the
  Nordic countries in their efforts to use plant
  genetic resources for plant breeding and plant
  breeding research
• Is to participate in international co-operation
  in the conservation
• and use of plant genetic resources.

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Nordic Gene Bank

• Activities focused on
• Contribute to a sustainable use of plant genetic
  resources
• Conservation and documentation of Plant genetic
  resources from or of relevance for the Nordic
  Region - cultivated species
• Knowledge transfer by participating in research
  and education in the Nordic Countries and
  elsewhere
• NGB surveys international trends scientifically
  and politically aiming at influencing the
  international agenda and to advice National
  authorities on matters concerning Plant Genetic
  Resources

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Nordic Gene Bank

• How we are organized - structure
• NB Reorganization undergoing
• From 1st Jan. 2008 NORDGEN
• Will include
• Nordic Gene Bank
• Nordic Gene Bank Farm Animals
• Nordic Forestry Seed and Plant Counsel
• Mandate Biodiversity genetic resources

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Nordic Gene Bank

• How we are organized - structure
• Internal
• Staff - 25 persons
• 4 Departments
• Seed Store
• Biology Department,
• (Agriculture Horticulture)
• incl. molecular and in vitro Lab
• IT- and Documentation Unit
• Administrative Team

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Nordic Gene Bank

• How we are organized - structure
• External
• Working Groups
• - with external experts representing scientific
  community,
• plant breeders and other relevant partners for
  the Gene Bank
• Cereals
• Fruit and Berries
• Potatoes (ad hoc)
• Forage Crops
• Vegetables
• Oil Plants (ad hoc)

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Nordic Gene Bank

• Based on the principle
• that gene banking should be
• Inexpensive and durable
• Basically available for any national
• and regional program at reasonable cost
• Not require
• much advanced planning in terms of a large
  storage facility
• huge initial investments to get started.

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Nordic Gene Bank

• Partners
• Working Groups!!!!
• National programs!!!!
• Other gene banks
• Universities research institutions
• Scientific projects
• Breeding companies
• Government departments and authorities
• Museums
• Botanic gardens parks
• Schools education centers
• Hobby growers / Associations
• NGOs - networks
• etc.

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Nordic Gene Bank

• Conservation
• Ex situ (off-site conservation)
• seed gene bank
• field gene bank
• in vitro
• Cryo-preservation
• In situ (on-site conservation)
• on farm
• protected natural habitats / wild parks
• wild habitat

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Nordic Gene Bank

• Ex situ
• seed bank
• Active Collection (Alnarp, Sweden)
• Distribution, characterisation, multiplication,
  germination tests
• Base Collection (Årslev, Denmark)
• Long term storage, rejuvenation
• Safety Collection (Svalbard, Norway)
• Duplication of base collection samples

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Nordic Gene Bank

• Material
• Primary collections
• Cereals 17532
• Forage 5067
• Fruits berries 153
• Potato 557
• Oil crops 1554
• Vegetables 6446
• Industrial crops 156
• Landscape 14
• Forest trees 16
• Spices and
• medicinal plants
• (in process) app. 300
• Special collections
• Lundquist mutant collection 9760
• MacKey NIL-collection(in process) 400
• Other special cereal collections 1321

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Nordic Gene Bank

• International activities
• Expert consultation, development of regional PGR
  programs
• SIDA based programs
• SADC - since 1989
• Baltic region
• Eastern Africa EAPGREN, since 2006
• Balkan region SEEDNet, since 2004
• CAC, from 2007
• IT
• GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• TDWG Biodiversity Information Standards
• ECPGR, EPGRIS3, EURISCO
• BioCASE - Biological Collection Access Service
  for Europe
• GCP Generation Challenge Program , on behalf of
  Bioversity
• Crop Wild Relatives Global Portal, on behalf of
  Bioversity
• ABCD 2.06 - Access to Biological Collection Data
  (Berlin Botanical Garden)
• ALIS - Global Accession Level Information System
  (in process), together with Bioversity

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Udviklingslande

• Ole Søgaard Lund
• Københavns Universitet

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Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries
The centre works for reduction of poverty through
improvement of seed quality and seed technology
in developing countries. Particularly, the centre
has expertice in seed-borne pathogens. The
centre is part of Institute of Plant Biology and
Biotechnology, Faculty of LIFE Sciences,
University of Copenhagen.
http//www.dshc.life.ku.dk/
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Teknologi

• Birte Boelt
• Aarhus Universitet

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Under udarbejdelse
Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet
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Danske aktører

• Svend Tveden-Nyborg
• Aarhus Universitet

69
Under udarbejdelse
Svend Tveden-Nyborg, Aarhus Universitet