Life is Cellular

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Life is Cellular

• SPI.1.1 Identify the cellular organelles
  associated with major cell processes.
•  
• SPI.1.2 Distinguish between prokaryotic and
  eukaryotic cells.

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The Cell Theory

• All living things are composed of cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure function
  in living things
• New cells are produced from existing cells

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Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic
• No Nucleus
• No Membrane Covered Organelles
• Circular DNA

• Eukaryotic
• Nucleus
• Membrane covered organelles
• Linear DNA

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Prokaryotic Cell
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Eukaryotic Cell
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Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells

• Plant
• Cell wall membrane
• Chloroplast Mitochondria
• Large Vacuole

• Animal
• Cell membrane
• Mitochondria
• Small to no vacuole

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Eukaryotic Components

• Cell Membrane ( Cell Wall)
• Nucleus
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Mitochondria ( Chloroplast)
• Golgi Complex
• Vesicle
• Vacuole
• Lysosome

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Cell Membrane

• Made of phospholipids
• Hydrophobic vs. Hydrophilic

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Cell Membrane

• Functions
• Keep in cytoplasm
• Allow in nutrients
• Excrete waste

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Cell Wall

• Found in plants and algae
• Made of cellulose
• Carb

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Cell Wall

• Functions
• Strength
• Support
• Prevents the
• tearing of the
• cell membrane

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Nucleus

• Functions
• Control center
• Stores genetic info
• Instructs protein synthesis
• Contains DNA
• Contains Nucleolus
• Make ribosomes

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Ribosomes

• Makes proteins
• Proteins amino acids
• Smallest organelle
• No membrane
• Made of RNA

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Cytoskeleton

• Network of filaments tubes that cross in the
  cytosol
• Functions
• Give shape (tent)
• Tracks to move items

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• AKA ER
• Functions as the intracellular highway
• Two types
• Rough ER
• Smooth ER

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Rough ER

• Flattened sacs covered with ribosomes
• Produces
• Phospholipids
• Proteins
• Most abundant
• Digestive
• Antibody producing

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Smooth ER

• No ribosomes on surface
• Less than rough ER
• Functions
• Produces estrogen testosterone
• Detoxifies in liver kidney

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Chloroplast

• Plants and algae
• Contains chlorophyll
• Traps sunlight
• Performs photosynthesis

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Mitochondria

• Where most of the ATP is produced
• Produced in the inner membrane
• ATP energy
• Needs oxygen

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Endosymbiotic Theory

• Mitochondria chloroplast originated from a
  symbiotic relationship b/t prokaryotic
  eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotic cells
• Mitochondria aerobic bacteria
• Chloroplast cyanobacteria

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Endosymbiotic Theory

• Evidence
• Own DNA
• Double membrane
• Binary Fission (independent)
• Size
• Own ribosomes

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Golgi Apparatus

• Process and ships out proteins other materials
  out of the cell
• Close to cell membrane
• Modify the ER products
• Add carb labels
• direction to other cells

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Lysosomes

• Special vesicles that contain enzymes
• Originate from Golgi
• Functions
• Break down carbs, lipids, proteins from food
• Destroy worn out organelles
• Rid cell of waste

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Vacuoles

• Store water for the cell
• Large in plant cells
• Supports the cell
• Wilting