Energy and Life

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Energy and Life
ATP song https//www.youtube.com/watch?vV_xZuCPIH
vk

• Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs
• ATP
• Photosynthesis
• Cellular Respiration

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Autotrophic Organisms- self-feeder

• Use light energy to make their own food
• Provide ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY for all living
  things
• All plants, some Protists, some bacteria
  (producers)

3
Heterotrophic Organisms- other-feeder

• CANNOT use light energy to make food
• Obtain food energy by CONSUMING their food
• Animals, fungi, protists (consumers)

4
Homeostasis

• Internal stability an organism maintains
• Two biochemical processes needed for survival
• Photosynthesis
• Cellular Respiration

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Nutrient Recap
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ATP The Video Clip
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ATP and ADP Chemical energy for cells

• ATP
• Adenosine TriPhosphate
• How many phosphates in ATP?
• 3 Tri means 3!
• Main source of cells energy
• Fully charged battery
• Energy stored in BONDS btw. phosphates

100
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ATP and ADP Chemical energy for cells

• ADP
• Adenosine DiPhosphate
• How many phosphates in ADP?
• 2 Di means 2!
• becomes ATP by adding a P
• Half-charged battery

Energy
(ADP)
(ATP)
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ATP Cycle

• Energy released from ATP when it loses a
  phosphate (use the battery)
• ATP ADP
  ENERGY
• Energy is used to add a phosphate to make ATP
  from ADP (charge the battery)
• ADP
  ATP
• ATP PROVIDES ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK

LOSE A PHOSPHATE
ENERGY PHOSPHATE
Write this down
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ATP on You Tube

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vbbtqF9q_pFw

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In your journal (use review book)

• Define
• BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS
• PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• CHLOROPLAST
• GLUCOSE
• ATP

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Photosynthesis The Video Clip
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Photosynthesis The basics

• Using light (photo) to make (synthesis) glucose
• Occurs in autotrophs
• In which organelle?
• Chloroplasts
• Pigment
• Substance that has the ability to absorb light
  waves
• What pigment is involved in photosynthesis?
• Chlorophyll

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Photosynthesis Chlorophyll

• Sun emits energy in different wavelengths
• The shorter the wavelength, the more energy it
  has
• According to chart, which wavelength is shortest?
• VIOLET!
• Chlorophyll ABSORBS RED AND BLUE, and REFLECTS
  green!

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Photosynthesis The Reaction

• What reactants are needed for photosynthesis to
  occur?
• Water, CO2, sunlight energy
• What are the products of photosynthesis?
• Glucose and O2
• The Formula
• H2O CO2
  C6H12O6 O2
• (WATER) (CARBON DIOXIDE) ?
  (GLUCOSE) (OXYGEN)

LIGHT ENERGY
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(No Transcript)
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Leaves are the site of photosynthesis lets
watch http//www.brainpop.com/science/cellula
rlifeandgenetics/photosynthesis/
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ADAPTATIONS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• a. Leaves are thin and flat so that they can
  easily absorb light.
• b. Some plants have a waxy coating (cuticle) to
  protect them from harm or water loss.

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• On the underside of the leaf there are many tiny
  openings called the stomates. The stomates allow
  the exchange of water vapor, oxygen, and carbon
  dioxide (gas exchange). These openings are
  controlled by the guard cells.
• Allows the plant to maintain water homeostasis
  and not dehydrate.

Exchanges water gases
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Photosynthesis Guard Cells

• Guard cells are located on the bottom of leaves
• Guard cells regulate gases and water moving in
  and out of the leaf
• When guard cells are open
• Carbon dioxide can move in freely
• Oxygen can move out freely
• Water can exit the leaf, without the leaf drying
  up
• During humid conditions
• When guard cells are closed
• Photosynthesis rates slow down
• Water is kept in the leaf, to prevent water loss
• During dry conditions

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Draw label the Guard cells below
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Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis

• The amounts of CO2, H2O, light, chlorophyll and
  temperature

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Review EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
WATER
OXYGEN
6CO2
6H2O
ENERGY
C6H12O6
6O2
CARBON DIOXIDE
GLUCOSE
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In your journal (use review book)

• Define
• Cellular respiration
• Respiration
• Mitochondria
• Gas exchange

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ATP/Photosynthesis note quiz

1. What is the energy source for photosynthesis?
2. What are the materials (reactants) used during
   photosynthesis?
3. What are the materials (products) made during
   photosynthesis?
4. Photosynthesis takes place in which organelle?
5. When does photosynthesis take place (time frame)?
6. Write the equation for the process of
   photosynthesis.
7. What molecule is the main source of cellular
   energy?
8. Where is the energy stored within this molecule?
9. What term is used to describe the internal
   stability and maintainence of an organism?
10. Organisms that make their own food are called
    what?

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Cellular Respiration The basics
LETS WATCH http//www.brainpop.com/science/cell
ularlifeandgenetics/cellularrespiration/

• Breaking down glucose to make ATP
• Occurs in autotrophs AND heterotrophs (all living
  things need to make ATP!)
• Occurs 24 hours day
• In which organelles?
• Mitochondria and the cytoplasm!
• Occurs in different pathways
• Depends on presence of Oxygen

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Cellular Respiration Aerobic

• Occurs in mitochondria in the presence of oxygen
• What are the reactants?
• Glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2)
• The process
• Starts with ADP already in cells
• Energy released from glucose attaches a phosphate
  to make ATP!
• What are the end products?
• 36 ATP (energy), CO2, H2O

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Cellular Respiration The Video Clip
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Cellular Respiration The Reaction

• C6H12O6 O2 ATP CO2 H2O
• (GLUCOSE) (OXYGEN) ? (ENERGY)
  (CARBON DIOXIDE) (WATER)

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Cellular Respiration The 2nd Video Clip
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Cellular Respiration Anaerobic

• What if there is a lack of oxygen?
• Can you think of times when you arent getting
  enough oxygen?
• During exercise!
• Occurs in cytoplasm instead of mitochondria
• GLUCOSE ? 2 PYRUVIC ACID ? 2 LACTIC ACID ? 2
  ATPs
• Called FERMENTATION
• Animals Produce Lactic Acid
• Plants Produce Alcohol
• Results in much less energy produced! ONLY 2 ATP

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Cellular Respiration The Different Pathways
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Overview of photosynthesis and respiration
SUN
RADIANT ENERGY
CELL ACTIVITIES
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION
GLUCOSE
ATP(ENERGY)
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(No Transcript)
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COMPARE AND CONTRAST CHART
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Follow up Questions

• Where does aerobic respiration take place?
• 2. Which type of respiration is most efficient?
• 3. How many ATPs are "made" during aerobic
  respiration?

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• 4. What is cellular respiration?
• 5. Why is cellular respiration important?
• 6. Name one difference between aerobic and
  anaerobic respiration.
• 7. How does a plant maintain water balance
  (homeostasis)? Be sure to use the words stomata
  and guard cell in your answer.

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Cell Concept Map
DNA (genetic information), Ribosome, chloroplast,
plant cells, mitochondria
include
include
include
function in
function in
functions in
function in
stores
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Practice Test 4895 Answers

1. Guard cells
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. B
11. A
12. C
13. C
14. A
15. C

• 16) B
• 17) B
• 18) C
• 19) C
• 20) B
• 21) B
• 22) B
• 23) C
• 24) D
• 25) C
• 26) C
• 27) Cellular respiration
• 28) B
• 29) B

30) Plants autotrophs producers or trees 31)
To break (digest) food molecules into small ones
so they can be transported (diffused) across a
cell membrane -or- so that energy can
be released 32) Respiration 33) ATP or- energy