Energy and Life

1
Energy and Life

• Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs
• ATP
• Photosynthesis
• Cellular Respiration

2
Autotrophic Organisms

• Use light energy to make their own food
• Provide ULTIMATE SOURCE OF ENERGY for all living
  things
• All plants, some Protists, some bacteria

3
Heterotrophic Organisms

• CANNOT use light energy to make food
• Obtain food energy by CONSUMING their food
• Animals, fungi, protists

4
ATP The Video Clip
5
ATP and ADP Chemical energy for cells

• ATP
• Adenosine TriPhosphate
• How many phosphates in ATP?
• 3 Tri means 3!
• Main source of cells energy
• Fully charged battery
• Energy stored in bonds between phosphates

6
ATP and ADP Chemical energy for cells

• ADP
• Adenosine DiPhosphate
• How many phosphates in ADP?
• 2 Di means 2!
• Becomes ATP by adding a P
• Half-charged battery

7
ATP Cycle

• Energy released from ATP when it loses a
  phosphate (use the battery)
• ATP
  ADP ENERGY
• Energy is used to add a phosphate to make ATP
  from ADP (charge the battery)
• ADP
  ATP

LOSE A PHOSPHATE
ENERGY PHOSPHATE
8
Photosynthesis The Video Clip
9
Photosynthesis The basics

• Using light (photo) to make (synthesis) glucose
• Occurs in autotrophs
• In which organelles?
• Chloroplasts
• Pigment
• Substance that has the ability to absorb light
  waves
• What pigment is involved in photosynthesis?
• Chlorophyll

10
Photosynthesis Chlorophyll

• Sun emits energy in different wavelengths
• The shorter the wavelength, the more energy it
  has
• According to chart, which wavelength is shortest?
• VIOLET!
• Chlorophyll ABSORBS violet, and REFLECTS green!

11
Photosynthesis The Reaction

• What reactants are needed for photosynthesis to
  occur?
• Water, CO2, light energy
• What are the products of photosynthesis?
• Glucose and O2
• The Formula
• H2O CO2
  C6H12O6 O2
• (WATER) (CARBON DIOXIDE)
  (GLUCOSE)
  (OXYGEN)

LIGHT ENERGY
12
Photosynthesis The Song

• Sung to Brother John
• Carbon Dioxide (Carbon Dioxide)
• Add water and light (Add water and light)
• Then we photosynthesize (Then we photosynthesize)
• Glucose and oxygen (Glucose and oxygen)

13
Cellular Respiration The Video Clip

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v-XGrtSA6BOs

14
Cellular Respiration The basics

• Breaking down glucose to make ATP
• Occurs in autotrophs and heterotrophs (all living
  things need to make ATP!)
• In which organelles?
• Mitochondria!
• Occurs in different pathways
• Depends on presence of Oxygen

15
Cellular Respiration Aerobic

• Occurs in mitochondria in the presence of oxygen
• What are the reactants?
• Glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2)
• The process
• Starts with ADP already in cells
• Energy released from glucose attaches a phosphate
  to make ATP!
• What are the end products?
• 32 ATP (energy), CO2, H2O

16
Cellular Respiration The Reaction

• C6H12O6 O2 ATP CO2 H2O
• (GLUCOSE) (OXYGEN)
  (ENERGY) (CARBON DIOXIDE) (WATER)

17
Food to ATP Video Clip
18
Cellular Respiration The Song

• Sung to Row, Row, Row Your Boat
• Res-Res-Respiration
• Uses Oxygen
• To breakdown Glucose to yield ATP
• And Carbon Dioxide

19
Cellular Respiration Anaerobic

• What if there is a lack of oxygen?
• Can you think of times when you arent getting
  enough oxygen?
• During exercise!
• Occurs in cytoplasm
• GLUCOSE ? 2 PYRUVIC ACID ? 2 LACTIC ACID
• Called FERMENTATION
• Animals Lactic Acid
• Plants Alcohol
• Results in much less energy produced!