Chapter 28 - Protists

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Chapter 28 - Protists
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Important vocabulary pitfall

3
Chapter 28 - Protists

• Important vocabulary pitfall
• protist ? prokaryote

4
Chapter 28 - Protists

• Important vocabulary pitfall
• protist ? prokaryote
• A prokaryote is a simple cell, like a bacterium,
  with no nucleus

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Important vocabulary pitfall
• protist ? prokaryote
• A prokaryote is a simple cell, like a bacterium,
  with no nucleus
• Protists are eukaryotes.

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Protists are

• Very diverse
• Not a single kingdom
• Paraphyletic

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Protists are

• Very diverse
• Not a single kingdom
• Paraphyletic
• D E G H J K
• C
  F I
• B
• 
  A

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Protists are

Monophyletic One ancestor and all its
descendents.

• Very diverse
• Not a single kingdom
• Paraphyletic
• D E G H J K
• C
  F I
• B
• 
  A

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Protists are

Polyphyletic Descended from different ancestors.

• Very diverse
• Not a single kingdom
• Paraphyletic
• D E G H J K
• C
  F I
• B
• 
  A

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Protists are

Paraphyletic An ancestor and some, but not all,
of its descendents.

• Very diverse
• Not a single kingdom
• Paraphyletic
• D E G H J K
• C
  F I
• B
• 
  A

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Protists are
• Very diverse
• Not a single kingdom
• Paraphyletic

• Unicellular, colonial, or multicellular
• Photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs
• Mostly aquatic, but some not
• Sexually or asexually reproducing.

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Endosymbiosis
• Mitochondria and plastids (including
  chloroplasts) developed when eukaryotic cells
  ingested bacteria.

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Diplomonads
• Flagella
• Two nucleii
• Very simple mitochondria.

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Diplomonads Giardia intestinalis
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Parabasalids
• Flagella
• Undulating plasma membrane.

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Parabasalids Trichomonas vaginalis
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Euglenazoans
• Flagella with unique crystalline rods
• Autotrophic, but can switch to heterotrophic when
  there is no light.

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Euglenazoans Tripanosoma (sleeping sickness)
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Dinoflagelates
• Alveoli (sacs beneath the plasma membrane)
• Flagella

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Dinoflagelates
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Dinoflagelates bioluminescence
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Dinoflagelates red tide
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Apicomplexans
• Parasites
• Apex of the cell has a complex of organelles
  specialized to penetrate host cells and tissues.

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Apicomplexans plasmodium (malaria)
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Ciliates
• Have cilia
• Reproduce sexually or asexually

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Ciliates paramecium
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Stramenopiles
• Water molds
• Diatoms
• Golden algae
• Brown algae

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Water molds
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Diatoms
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Golden algae
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Brown algae
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Foraminiferans and radiolarians
• Hard shells called tests
• Abundant in fossil record

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Foraminiferans and radiolarians
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Amoebozoans
• Lobe-shaped pseudopods
• Gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and slime molds

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Amoebozoans Gymnamoeba (free-living
heterotroph)
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Amoebozoans Entamoeba (amoebic dysentery)
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Amoebozoans slime mold
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Chapter 28 - Protists
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Red algae
• One kind of seaweed

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Red algae
• One kind of seaweed

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

• Green algae
• Ancestor to land plants
• Complex life cycles
• Unicellular and multicellular

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Green algae Volvox (colonial)
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Green algae Caulerpa (one huge supercell)
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• Kinds of protists

Green algae Ulva (multicellular)
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Disease-causing organisms
• Life cycle of the slime mold
• Endosymbiosis
• Green algae (ancestor to multicellular land
  plants)

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Disease-causing organisms

• Giardia (a diplomonad)
• Trichomonas (a parabasalid)
• Sleeping sickness (a kineplastid)
• Red tide (dinoflagellates)
• Malaria (an apicomplexan)

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Life cycle of the slime mold

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Life cycle of the slime mold

spore
zygote
diploid haploid
amoeba
fruiting body
syngamy
aggregate
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Endosymbiosis

50
Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Endosymbiosis

cyanobacterium
early heterotrophic eukaryote
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Endosymbiosis

primary endosymbiosis
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Endosymbiosis

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Endosymbiosis

red algae
green algae
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Endosymbiosis

green algae
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Endosymbiosis

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Endosymbiosis

secondary endosymbiosis
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Endosymbiosis

secondary endosymbiosis
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Endosymbiosis

59
Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Endosymbiosis

cloroplast
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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Green algae (ancestor to multicellular land
  plants)

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Chapter 28 - Protists

• The most important things from this chapter

• Green algae (ancestor to multicellular land
  plants)

volvox
ulva
.