The Jefferson Administration

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The Jefferson Administration
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Revolution of 1800?

• Peaceful transition from Federalist to
  Republicans
• Southern states now have more power, why?
• Would Jefferson keep his strict construction
  roots as the chief executive?

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Reducing Government

• Tried to remove some of the acts of the
  Federalists
• Reduced taxes
• Cut the size of the federal bureaucracy
• Cut the size of the army
• Did not remove the Bank of the U.S.
• Charter for the bank ran out in 1811 anyway
• Easily won reelection in 1804

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Hamilton and Burr

• Hamilton causes Burr to lose Presidential
  election of 1800
• Hamilton then causes Burr to lose Gubernatorial
  race in New York
• Burr wanted to create a confederacy between New
  York and New Jersey
• Hamilton found out and exposed the scheme
• Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel
• July 11, 1804 in Weehawken, New Jersey
• Burr fatally wounds Hamilton
• Metaphorical death of the Federalist Party

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Judiciary Acts

• Judiciary Act of 1801
• Decreased the number of Supreme Court justices
  and increased the number of federal judges
• Midnight Judges Adams filled appointments as
  he was leaving office (lifetime appointments)
• This guaranteed Federalist Judges in the
  Republican government

• Judiciary Act of 1789
• Set up three circuit courts and thirteen district
  courts headed by the Supreme Court
• Supreme Court would settle differences between
  state and federal law

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Marbury v. Madison (1803)

• John Marshall Chief Justice
• Appointed by Adams
• Federalist, former Secretary of State
• Chief Justice for 34 years
• Marbury v. Madison
• William Marbury appointed justice of the peace
  for the District of Columbia
• Secretary of State Madison (under Jeffersons
  orders) never delivered Marbury his papers to
  make Marburys appointment official
• Marbury sued Madison, based on the Judiciary Act
  of 1789

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Marbury v. Madison (cont.)

• Marshall ruled against Marbury, saying Supreme
  Court could not give an order to the executive
  branch
• Declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789
  unconstitutional
• First time federal court made such a strong
  decision
• Victory for Jefferson
• Larger victory for the Supreme Court
• Judicial Review enables federal courts to
  review state laws and court decisions and allows
  for deciding if a federal law is constitutional

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Foreign Policy

• The Chesapeake
• Jays Treaty ran out in 1805
• British began to attack American ships trading
  with France
• French began to attack American ships trading
  with England
• U.S.S. Chesapeake attacked by the British Leopard

• The Embargo of 1807
• Jefferson upset at European actions
• Does not have a strong enough navy to go to war
• Embargo prevented trade with European nations
• Britain and France not hurt
• Americans hurt by it, especially New Englanders
• Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
• Macons Bill 2 (1809)

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Louisiana Purchase

• Napoleon
• France reclaimed Louisiana with a secret treaty
  with Spain
• Napoleonic Wars in Europe
• Napoleon fears British will attack New Orleans
• Needs money
• Jefferson
• Congress authorizes 2 Million to buy New Orleans
• Napoleon offers all 500 Million acres of
  Louisiana for 15 Million
• Jefferson worrisome about it (Constitution), but
  convinces Congress to pass
• Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)
• Attempt to find water route to Pacific
• Contact with natives
• Information on natural resources