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Delian League

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Title: Delian League


1
Delian League
  • After the Persian threat subsided, the Greek
    poleis had conflicts among themselves
  • The poleis formed an alliance called the Delian
    League
  • Athens supplied most of the military force and
    the other poleis provided financial support
  • Sparta did not join the league
  • In the absence of the Persian threat, eventually
    the other poleis came to resent financing
    Athenss bureaucracy and construction projects
  • The resulting tensions led to the Peloponnesian
    War (431-404) in which the poleis divided up into
    two sides led by Athens and Sparta

2
The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.)
  • The war went back and forth until 404 when the
    Spartans and their allies forced Athens to
    surrender
  • Conflicts continued however and the world of the
    poleis steadily lost power
  • Alexander the Great is going to step into this
    power vacuum (next lesson)

3
Alexander the Great and His Legacy
Main Idea Alexander the Great formed a huge
empire, spread Greek culture into Egypt and many
parts of Asia, and paved the way for a new
civilization to develop in those areas.
  • Reading Focus
  • How did Alexander the Great rise to power?
  • What was life like in the culture called the
    Hellenistic world that developed after
    Alexanders death?
  • What were some significant Hellenistic
    achievements?

4
Alexander the Great
Macedonia rose to power and took control of
Greece in the years that followed the
Peloponnesian War.
5
Philip II
  • Ruled Macedonia from 359-336 B.C. and transformed
    it into a powerful military machine
  • Moved into northern Greece and met little
    resistance due to residual effects of
    Peloponnesian War
  • By 338 he had Greece under his control

6
Macedonia
7
  • Alexander Becomes King
  • Philips conquests might have continued, but he
    was assassinated
  • Title, plans for conquests fell to son, Alexander
    the Great
  • Alexander only 20, but had been trained to rule
    almost from birth
  • Learned warfare and politics from father, mother,
    and Aristotle
  • Alexanders Conquests
  • Alexander faced almost immediately with revolts
    in Greece
  • Set out to reestablish control
  • Used harsh measures to show rebellion not
    tolerated
  • Crushed Theban army and sold people into slavery,
    burned city

8
Empire Building
9
Expanding the Empire
  • With defeat of Darius, Alexander the master of
    Persian world
  • Troops marched to Persepolis, a Persian capital,
    burned it to ground as sign of victory
  • But Alexander not satisfied with size of empire
  • Led army deeper into Asia, winning more victories
  • Led army to the Indus, perhaps to conquer India
  • Soldiers had had enough, refused to proceed
    farther from home
  • Alexander forced to turn back to west

10
Conquests of Alexander
  • Ionia and Anatolia 333
  • Syria, Palestine, Egypt 332
  • Mesopotamia 331
  • Persepolis 331
  • King of Persia 330
  • India 327
  • Returns to Susa 324
  • Dies (age 33) 323

11
(No Transcript)
12
Building Greek Cities in the East
13
End of the Empire
14
The Breakup of Alexanders Empire
15
After Alexander
  • After Alexander died, his generals jockeyed for
    power and by 275 they had divided up his kingdom
    into three large states
  • Antigonus took Greece and Macedon
  • Ptolemy took Egypt
  • Seleuces took the former Achaemenid empire
  • The period of Alexander and his successors is
    called the Hellenistic period to reflect the
    broad influence of Greek culture beyond Greeces
    borders

16
The Hellenistic World
By bringing together a number of diverse peoples
in his empire, Alexander helped create a new type
of culture. It was no longer purely Greek, or
Hellenic, but Hellenistic, or Greeklike.
17
Alexandria and Beyond
  • Center of Culture
  • With trade money, Alexandrians built great
    palaces, streets lined with monuments city was
    home to centers of culture, learning
  • The Museum, temple to spirit of creativity, home
    to many works of art
  • Center of Learning
  • Library of Alexandria contained works on
    philosophy, literature, history, sciences
  • Alexandria remained center of culture, learning
    long after Hellenistic period
  • Trading Centers
  • Alexandria one of largest trading centers, but
    not only one in Hellenistic world
  • Cities in Egypt, Persia, Central Asia trading
    centers for Africa, Arabia, India
  • Traders brought back goods, new ideas like
    teachings of Judaism

18
Life in the Hellenistic World
19
Hellenistic Achievements
  • Blending of cultures brought significant changes
  • Exchange of ideas from different cultures
  • New advances in philosophy, literature and science

The most influential new school was Stoicism,
with emphasis on reason, self-discipline,
emotional control and personal morality. Stoics
believed people should find their proper role in
society and fulfill it.
20
Art and Literature
  • Art and literature also changed during
    Hellenistic Period
  • Hellenistic artists learned to convey emotion,
    movement in works, especially sculpture
  • Women became much more common as subject of art,
    literature
  • Most earlier Greek statues had depicted men
  • Love stories became popular form for first time
  • Earlier literature dealt with actions of gods
  • Hellenistic writings focused on common events in
    peoples everyday lives

21
Science and Technology
  • Tremendous advances in science, technology during
    this period
  • Among great Egyptian scholars, Euclid formulated
    many ideas about geometry we still learn about
    today
  • Egypt also home of Eratosthenes, who calculated
    size of the world
  • Other Hellenistic scientists studied the movement
    of the stars the makeup and inner workings of
    the human body

22
The Incursion of Rome into the Hellenistic World
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