Copy this down before we start class today

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Copy this down before we start class today

• Tuesday Hwk 22.2body 1
• Wednesday Hwk 22.3body 2
• Thursday Hwk 22.4body 3
• Friday Civil Rights Testproof readKennedy
  Reading
• Monday Kennedyany questions on DBQ
• Tuesday DBQ Due

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Civil Rights Movement Begins

• Part I
• Time Line of Events

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Civil Rights Movement
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Origins of Civil Rights Movement

• Close to 1 million Black soldiers helped the
  Allies win during WWII
• Given new opportunities, better jobs, and more
  freedom
• After war, Blacks still treated as 2nd class
  citizens

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Origins of Civil Rights Movement

• Holocaust in WWII viewed as evil (Crimes against
  humanity)
• Cold War (Communist leaders pointed out flaws in
  America)
• Influenced Americans to view themselves
• Many Americans to view treatment towards Blacks
  as wrong

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1896

• The case involved Homer Plessy, a black man who
  defied the laws of the land and sat in the white
  section of a railroad car. Plessy was initially
  fined 25, but he contested the decision all the
  way to the Supreme Court. The high court upheld
  the states separate but equal doctrine.

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Plessy vs. Ferguson allowed for Jim Crow laws to
exist. This led to separate worlds for Blacks.
Schools, restaurants, courthouses, bathrooms and
even drinking fountains were also segregated.
Although the 13th Amendment ban slavery, Blacks
still lived in bonds.
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1948Desegregation of the Armed Forces

• President Truman issues an Executive Order
  integrating the armed forces.

• Many said this couldnt be done.but during the
  Korean War (1951) blacks and whites fought
  alongside one another.

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Imagine you are a seven year old and have to walk
one mile to a bus stop by walking through a
railroad switching station and then waiting for a
school bus to go to a "black elementary school"
or a school where only African American children
went. This is what happened to Linda Brown, an
African American third grader from Topeka,
Kansas, even though there was a "white elementary
school" only seven blocks away. A "white
elementary school" was a school where only white
students were able to attend.
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1954 - Brown vs. Board of Education
For every 150.00 spent on white children at the
"white schools" only 50.00 was spent on African
American children at the "black schools." The
parents of the African American children thought
that their school was not treated as fairly
because they were colored. They did not have the
most current textbooks, not enough school
supplies, and overcrowded classrooms.

• 1954 Wins Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka,
  landmark case that demolishes legal basis for
  segregation in America
• Declared separate but equal unconstitutional

Thurgood Marshall lawyer, Supreme Court Justice
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1955

• Emmet Till Murdered in Money, MS
• Body is almost unrecognizable
• Body exhumed June of 2005 in order to do an
  autopsy to identify murderers.

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1955 - Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks courage led to the Montgomery Bus
Boycott. MLK and others led a this protest of
city buses that lasted 13 months. Later, the
Supreme Court ruling banned segregation of the
city's public transit vehicles went into effect.
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
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Civil Rights Movement
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr eventually became
leader of the Civil Rights movement after
successfully leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
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Ghandi
"Gandhi was inevitable. If humanity is to
progress,Gandhi is inescapable.He lived,
thought and acted,inspired by the vision of
humanity evolving towarda world of peace and
harmony. Dr. King
"Nonviolence is the greatest force at the
disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the
mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the
ingenuity of man."
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Types of Protests
Marches

• Greensboro, North Carolina is where all the
  sit-ins began
• Many others followed

Sit In's
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Facing Resistance
Police use dogs to quell civil unrest in
Birmingham, Ala., in May 1963. Birmingham's
police commissioner "Bull" Connor also allowed
fire hoses to be turned on young civil rights
demonstrators. These measures set off a backlash
of sentiment that rejuvenated the civil rights
movement.
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Facing Resistance
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Different Groups

• Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
  headed by MLK Jr.
• Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
  begins with college kids
• National Association for the Advancement of
  Colored People (NAACP)
• Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

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1957

• Little Rock Arkansas
• An attempt was made to integrate Central High
  School with 9 black students.
• National Guard called in. Soldiers protected
  the black students.

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Little Rock 9
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Crisis in Little Rock

• Federal Govt. can make states follow rules
• 9 students are to be admitted to school
• Gov. protests and federal troops have to be sent
  in to make Arkansas follow the law
• Troops remain there all year and escort students
  to class
• Eisenhower did little to fight the battle further

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Kennedy and Civil Rights

• Kennedy is afraid of losing southern support
• Freedom Riders head south
• Sons of rich wealthy important people of the
  north
• Kennedy sends help and brings more federal
  actions against the deep south

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1961 - Freedom Rides
The first group of Freedom Riders, with the
intent of integrating interstate buses, left
Washington, D.C. by Greyhound bus in early May
1961.
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1962
James Meredith, center, was the first African
American college student accepted by the
University of Mississippi. His attendance
provoked riots. Here he is escorted to class by
U.S. marshals and troops. Oct. 2, 1962.
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1963

• SNCC turns to violence led by H. Rap Brown and
  Stokely Carmichael

• March on Washington
• I Have a Dream Speech by King, Jr.

• Kennedy proposes a Civil Rights Bill prohibiting
  discrimination / LBJ passes it in 1964 and
  follows with a VRA in 65

• Assassinations
• -Medgar Evers, NAACP
• -President John F. Kennedy

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1963-March on Washington
The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. acknowledges the
crowd at the Lincoln Memorial for his "I Have a
Dream" speech during a march on Washington, D.C.,
on Aug. 28, 1963. About 250,000 people attended
the march to urge support for impending
civil-rights legislation.
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March on Washington
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Freedom Summer

• Freedom Summer was a highly publicized campaign
  in the Deep South to register blacks to vote
  during the summer of 1964.
• During the summer of 1964, thousands of civil
  rights activists, many of them white college
  students from the North, descended on Mississippi
  and other Southern states to try to end the
  long-time political disenfranchisement of African
  Americans in the region.
• Three students (two white and one black) are
  killed by the KKK for this activity the movie,
  Mississippi Burning commemorates this event.

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1964 Birmingham AL

• King leads a march of 3,300 people in the most
  segregated city in America and is arrested
  (nicknamed Bombingham)
• Writes Letter from Birmingham Jail, King
  justified civil disobedience by saying that
  without forceful action, true civil rights would
  never be achieved. Direct action is justified in
  the face of unjust laws.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

• Important step in ensuring equal rights for
  minorities
• Guaranteed equal access to public accommodations,
  such as hotels.
• Disallowed unfair voter registration requirements
• Challenged employers over discrimination in
  hiring and employment
• Demanded that schools stop discrimination.

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Watts Riot (Los Angeles)1965

• Riots by African - Americans lasted for six days,
  leaving 34 dead, over a thousand people injured,
  nearly 4,000 arrested, and hundreds of buildings
  destroyed
• Cause? State and local areas reacted too slowly
  or blocked the enactment of the CRA 64
• Conclusion riots weren't the act of thugs, but
  rather symptomatic of much deeper problems the
  high jobless rate in the inner city, poor
  housing, bad schools

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Assassinations

• Martin Luther King, Jr. 1968

• Malcolm X (1965)

• Robert Kennedy 1968

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Civil Rights Movement
Hosea Williams (left), Jesse Jackson, Dr. Martin
Luther King Jr., Rev. Ralph David Abernathy on
the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis
hotel, a day before King's assassination on April
3,1968.
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Civil Rights Movement
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Civil Rights Movement
Black, white, young and old sang "We Shall
Overcome" as they marched down Denny Way to the
Seattle Center to honor Dr. Martin Luther King
Jr., who had been felled by an assassin's bullet.
The crowd was estimated at 10,000. April 7, 1968.
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Civil Rights Movement
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DBQ

1. Document _____
2. Explanation
3. How does it support / refute the philosophy of
   Martin Luther King Jr.?
4. How does it support / refute philosophy of
   Malcolm X?
5. What data / supporting evidence does it go with?

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Group the documents

• Visual Introduction Document 1
• View of Integration Documents 2 3
• Education Documents 4 5
• Economic Tactics - Documents 6 7
• Violence (pros cons) Documents 8 9

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Thesis Statement Whose philosophy made the most
sense for America?

• Martin Luther King Jr.s or Malcolm Xs
• philosophy made the most sense for
  America due to 1)_______________,
• 2)______________ and 3)__________ .