The Start of the Cold War

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The Start of the Cold War
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1945 A Critical Year

• Yalta
• The Big Three
• Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt
• Eastern Europe (Poland)
• The United Nations (UN)
• April 1945, San Francisco
• General Assembly and the Security Council
• The Potsdam Conference
• Truman and Stalins first meeting

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Conflicting Postwar Goals

• The American View
• Establish democracies to open up economic
  opportunity
• The Soviet View
• Satellite nations
• buffer states

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Soviets Tighten Their Hold

• Poland
• Allowed elections after anti-Communist
  competition was gone
• Albania and Bulgaria
• Communist militaries control
• Czechoslovakia
• Tried to hold off Communism, fell from pressure
  of neighbors

• Hungary and Romania
• Soviet Army puts in Communist governments
• East Germany
• Totalitarian government put in by Stalin
• German Democratic Republic
• Finland and Yugoslavia
• Finland forced neutrality
• Yugoslavia Communist government, but not
  controlled by Soviet Union

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The Iron Curtain

• The Iron Curtain
• Winston Churchill warns against allowing the iron
  curtain (Communism) from spreading
• Cold War
• Economic and political
• George Kennan
• Prevent advances of Communist nations around the
  world
• Containment
• The Truman Doctrine
• Support any nation threatened by Communism
• Turkey and Greece

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Peep under the Iron curtain March 6, 1946
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Cold War Abroad

• The Marshall Plan
• Create democracies and improve economies
• 13 billion in loans and grants to Western Europe
• The Berlin Airlift
• Federal Republic of Germany
• Stalin closes access to West Berlin
• U.S. sends supplies through Berlin Airlift
• NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
• Collective security
• Warsaw Pact (1955)

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Communist Advances

• The Soviet Atomic Threat
• 1949 Soviet Union tests first atomic bomb
• 1952 U.S. tests first thermonuclear (hydrogen)
  bomb
• China Falls to the Communists
• Civil War Jiang Jieshi vs. Mao Zedong
• Peoples Republic of China (Communist)
• Republic of China (Taiwan)

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The Cold War at Home

• Communism in America
• The Loyalty Program
• Background checks
• Loyalty Review Board
• HUAC (House Un-American Committee)
• Govt agencies and Hollywood
• The Hollywood Ten
• 5th Amendment
• Blacklist
• The McCarran-Walter Act
• Quota on immigrants from Communist nations
• Spy Cases
• Alger Hiss
• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg